Synthesis of Dihexyldithiophosphate Ligand and a Preliminary Study on Its Use for the Extraction of Gadolinium from Rare Earth Elements Mixture

Abstract:

Development of body imaging techniques for medical diagnosis has future promising. To improve the image visibility, Gadolinium (Gd) has been known as an important material for preparing the contrast agent. However, since the rare earth metals have unique physical properties, the separation of Gd from the other metals by a simple, effective and efficient method is still challenging. Hereby, we report the separation of Gd from the rare earth mixture with dihexyl dithiophosphate (DHDTP) ligand by solvent extraction method. The amount of Gd before and after the extraction process was determined with ICP-OES. The results show that the extraction efficiency for the mixed samples of Gd (III) and Sm (III) is 53.10% with 51.10% purity of Gd (III) and extraction efficiency for mixed samples of Gd (III) and Dy (III) is 93.82% with 50.35% purity of Gd (III). This result indicates that DHDTP can be used for solvent extraction of Gd.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 829)
• Pages: 270-275
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.829.270
• Online since: December 2019
• Authors: Santhy Wyantuti*, Uji Pratomo, Mira Aprilani, Anni Anggraeni, Husein Hernandi Bahti
• Keywords: Contrast Agent, Dihexyldithiophosphate, Gadolinium, Solvent Extraction

References

[1] M. Arifin, and Suhala, Bahan Galian Industri, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Mineral: Bandung. (1997).

[2] S.B. Castor and J.B. Hedrick, Rare Earth Elements. Industrial Minerals. 7th Ed., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, Colorado, 769-792, (2006).

[3] N. Haque, A. Hughes, S. Lim, and C. Vernon, Rare Earth Elements: Overview of Mining, Mineralogy, Uses, Sustainability and Environmental Impact, Resources, 3 (2014)614-635.

DOI: 10.3390/resources3040614

[4] D.J. Kingsnorth, Rare earths at the crossroads-Dudley J Kingsnorth looks at the world market and sees how the industry is copying with present and future demands, Ind. Miner, 492 (2008) 66–71.

[5] P. Balaram, Trend in Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Manchester, (1996).

[6] C. Zhang, Q. Li, M. Zhang, N. Zhang, M. Li, Effects of rare earth elements on growth and metabolism of medicinal plants, Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 3 (2013) 20–24.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.12.005

[7] J.C.G. Buenzli, S. Comby, A.S. Chauvin, C.D.B. Vandevyver, New opportunities for lanthanide luminescence, J. Rare Earth, 25 (2007) 257–274.

DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(07)60420-7

[8] S. Wyantuti, U. Pratomo, Y.W. Hartati, A. Anggraeni, H.H. Bahti, Fast and simultaneously detection of Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy using combination of voltammetry method and multivariate analysis, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 22 (2018) 302–306.

[9] M.J. Lipinski, V. Amirbekian, J.C. Frias, et al., MRI to detect atherosclerosis with gadolinium-containing immunomicelles targeting the macrophage scavenger receptor, Magn. Reson. Med. 56 3 (2006) 601–10.

DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20995

[10] V. Amirbekian, M.J. Lipinski, K.C. Briley-Saebo, et al., Detecting and assessing macrophages in vivo to evaluate atherosclerosis noninvasively using molecular MRI, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA. 104 3 (2007) 961–6.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606281104

[11] H.H. Chen, V.C. Le, B. Qiu B, et al., MR imaging of biodegradable polymeric microparticles: a potential method of monitoring local drug delivery, Magn. Reson. Med. 53 3 (2005) 614–20.

DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20395

[12] T. Suzuki, K. Itoh, A. Ikeda, M. Aida, M. Ozawa, Y. Fujii, Separation of rare earth elements by tertiary pyridine type resin, J. Alloys Compd., 1013 (2006) 408-412.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.12.130

[13] P. Wannachod, S. Chaturabul, U. Pancharoena, A.W. Lothongkum, W. Patthaveekongka, The effective recovery of praseodymium from mixed rare earths via a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and its mass transfer related, J. Alloys Compd., 509 (2011) 354.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.025

[14] M.M. Yusoff, N.R.N. Mostapa, M.S. Sarkar, T.K. Biswas, M.L. Rahman, S.E. Arshad, M.S. Sarjadi, A.D. Kulkarni, Synthesis of ion imprinted polymers for selective recognition and separation of rare earth metals. Journal Of Rare Earths, 35 2 (2017)177-186.

DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(17)60897-4

[15] M. Mohammadi, K. Forsberg, L. Kloo, J. M. De La Cruz, A. Rasmunson. Separation of Nd(III), Dy(III) and Y(III)by Solvent Extraction using D2EHPA and EHEHPA, Journal of Hydrometallurgy, 156 (2015) 215-224.

DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.05.004

[16] T. Ozturk, E. Ertas, O. Mert, A Berzelius Reagent, Phosphorus Decasulfide (P2S10), in Organic Syntheses, Chemical Reviews, 110 6 (2010) 3419-3478.

DOI: 10.1021/cr900243d

[17] G.D. Gherman, Organothiophosphoric ligands; agents for metal ions separation. Thesis. Universitas Napocensis, (2010).