Effect of Particle Size on the Physical Properties of Activated Palm Kernel Shell for Supercapacitor Application

Abstract:

The advantages of palm kernel shell (PKS) as a renewable and sustainable material for activated carbon production have been explored for various applications such as water treatment, pollutant, pesticide, and heavy metal adsorption. However, the full promises of this material for energy storage devices have not been duly studied. In this research, PKS is physically activated and the effect of particle size on the physical characteristics of the activated char was investigated. Pellet (3 mm), granules (0.4 mm), and powder (0.0075 mm) are the sizes considered in the experiment. The surface morphology, surface area, porosity and functional group at different sized was analyzed. Finally, a suitable particle size was recommended for the electrode material of supercapacitor based on the physical characteristics of the activated carbon.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 833)
• Pages: 129-133
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.833.129
• Online since: March 2020
• Authors: Ridwan Tobi Ayinla*, John Ojur Dennis, Hasnah Bt Moh’d Zaid, Fahad Usman, Asfand Yar
• Keywords: Activated Carbon, Bio-Waste, Palm Kernel Shell, Supercapacitor, Surface Area

References

[1] X. Zhu et al., Sustainable activated carbons from dead ginkgo leaves for supercapacitor electrode active materials,, Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 181, p.36–45, (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.02.004

[2] A. J. S. Ahammad et al., Porous tal palm carbon nanosheets: preparation, characterization and application for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid,, Nanoscale Adv., (2019).

DOI: 10.1039/c8na00090e

[3] A. A. Mohammed, C. Chen, and Z. Zhu, Low-cost, high-performance supercapacitor based on activated carbon electrode materials derived from baobab fruit shells,, J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 538, p.308–319, (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.103

[4] W. C. Lim, C. Srinivasakannan, and N. Balasubramanian, Activation of palm shells by phosphoric acid impregnation for high yielding activated carbon,, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 88, no. 2, p.181–186, (2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2010.04.004

[5] I. I. Misnon, N. K. M. Zain, and R. Jose, Conversion of Oil Palm Kernel Shell Biomass to Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrode Application,, Waste and Biomass Valorization, vol. 0, no. 0, p.1–10, (2018).

DOI: 10.1007/s12649-018-0196-y

[6] M. S. Choi, S. Park, H. Lee, and H. S. Park, Hierarchically nanoporous carbons derived from empty fruit bunches for high performance supercapacitors,, vol. 25, p.103–112, (2018).

[7] F. N. ANI, Sustainable Biofuels and Other Related Bio-Products from Palm Cultivations,, MATEC Web Conf., vol. 77, p.1–4, (2016).

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20167711005

[8] K. Wang et al., Promising biomass-based activated carbons derived from willow catkins for high performance supercapacitors,, Electrochim. Acta, vol. 166, p.1–11, (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.048

[9] A. Nayak, B. Bhushan, V. Gupta, and P. Sharma, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Chemically activated carbon from lignocellulosic wastes for heavy metal wastewater remediation : Effect of activation conditions,, J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 493, p.228–240, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.031

[10] I. I. Misnon et al., High performance MnO 2 nano fl ower electrode and the relationship between solvated ion size and speci fi c capacitance in highly conductive electrolytes,, vol. 57, p.221–230, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.05.044