Nano-Crystallization of Steel Surface by Slide-Burnishing

Abstract:

Slide-burnishing is one of the most powerful processes for microstructural evolution. Here slide-burnishing was performed by a cemented carbide ball loaded and fed on the flat surface of a rotating disk specimen of carbon steel using a lathe machine. This process provides many advantages: burnishing reduces the surface roughness, increases the surface hardness due to grain refinement, improves the wear resistance, and requires no special equipment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed that nano-crystalline structures in the 10–300 nm grain size range were formed at the burnished sub-surface layer and that grain size increased approximately linearly with depth below the surface due to the strain gradient. High rotation speed in the burnishing process prompted further grain refinement, as evidenced by ultrafine and equiaxed grains in the 10 nm size range at the top surface layer of the specimen burnished at the highest rotational speed. Burnishing increased the indentation hardness of the nano-crystalline layer by a factor of 3.5. The expected linear relationship between hardness and inverse square root of grain size was identified.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 841)
• Pages: 48-53
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.841.48
• Online since: May 2020
• Authors: Hirotaka Kato*, Keitaro Yamamoto, Kazufumi Yasunaga
• Keywords: Burnishing, Carbon Steel, Grain Size, Hardness, Nano-Crystallization

References

[1] N. R. Tao, Z. B. Wang, W. P. Tong, M. L. Sui, J. Lu, K. Lu, An investigation of surface nanocrystallization mechanism in Fe induced by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Acta Mater., 50 (2002) 4603-4616.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00310-5

[2] M. Sato, N. Tsuji, Y. Minamino, Y. Koizumi, Formation of nanocrystalline surface layers in various metallic materials by near surface severe plastic deformation, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 5 (2004) 145-152.

DOI: 10.1016/j.stam.2003.10.015

[3] X.Y. Wang, D.Y. Li, Mechanical, electrochemical and tribological properties of nano-crystalline surface of 304 stainless steel, Wear 255 (2003) 836-845.

DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1648(03)00055-3

[4] W. Yan, L. Fang, Z. Zheng, K. Sun, Y. Xu, Effect of surface nanocrystallization on abrasive wear properties in Hadfield steel, Tribology Int., 42 (2009) 634-641.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2008.08.012

[5] J.G. Li, M. Umemoto, Y. Todaka, K. Tsuchiya, A microstructural investigation of the surface of a drilled hole in carbon steels, Acta Mater., 55 (2007) 1397-1406.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.043

[6] C. Yin, Y. Liang, Y. Jiang, M. Yang, S. Long, Formation of nano-laminated structures in a dry sliding wear-induced layer under different wear mechanisms of 20CrNi2Mo steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 423 (2017) 305-313.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.187

[7] A. Amanov, I.S. Cho, Y.S. Pyoun, C.S. Lee, I.G. Park, Micro-dimpled surface by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification and its tribological effects, Wear, 286-287 (2012) 136-144.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2011.06.001

[8] G. D. Revankar, R. Shetty, S.S. Rao, V.N. Gaitonde, Wear resistance enhancement of titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) by ball burnishing process, J. Mater. Res. Tech., 6 (2017) 13-32.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2016.03.007

[9] A. M. Hassan, A.S. Al-Bsharat, Influence of burnishing process on surface roughness, hardness, and microstructure of some non-ferrous metals, Wear, 199 (1996) 1-8.

DOI: 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06847-3

[10] M. Okada, S. Suenobu, K. Watanabe, Y. Yamashita, N. Asakawa, Development and burnishing characteristics of roller burnishing method with rolling and sliding effects, Mechatronics, 29 (2015) 110-118.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2014.11.002

[11] V. Chomienne, F. Valiorgue, J. Rech, C. Verdu, Influence of ball burnishing on residual stress profile of a 15-5PH stainless steel, CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Tech., 13 (2016) 90-96.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cirpj.2015.12.003

[12] N.S.M. El-Tayeb, K.O. Low, P.V. Brevern, Influence of roller burnishing contact width and burnishing orientation on surface quality and tribological behaviour of Aluminium 6061, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 186 (2007) 272-278.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.12.044

[13] A. Nestler, A. Schubert, Effect of Machining Parameters on Surface Properties in Slide Diamond Burnishing of Aluminium Matrix Composites, Materials Today, Proc. 2S (2015) S156-S161.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.05.033

[14] V.P. Kuznetsov, S.Y. Tarasov, A.I. Dmitriev, Nanostructuring burnishing and subsurface shear instability, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 217 (2015) 327-335.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.11.023

[15] H.W. Huang, Z.B. Wang, J. Lu and K. Lu, Fatigue behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel with a gradient nanostructured surface layer, Acta Mater., 87 (2015) 150-160.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.057

[16] W.L. Li N.R. Tao, Z. Han and K. Lu, Comparisons of dry sliding tribological behaviors between coarse-grained and nanocrystalline copper, Wear, 274-275 (2012) 306-312.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2011.09.010

[17] A.M. Hassan and S.Z.S. Al-Dhifi, Improvement in the wear resistance of brass components by the ball burnishing process, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 96 (1999) 73-80.

DOI: 10.1016/s0924-0136(99)00254-x