Key Engineering Materials Vol. 911

Abstract: Prosthetic socket is the device that link artificial limb with the amputee part. This work has been done on seven laminated composite were prepared by vacuum technique from Polyester resin reinforced with (Jute, Carbon, Glass, Perlon) fibers. The interaction between fibers and matrix material was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. DSC test also had been studied for different laminated composite materials to make prosthetic socket. The infrared spectra result of the Polyester composite specimens with natural and synthetic fibers indicate that no additional new peak was observed. While DSC results showed the increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) as the number of Jute layers increased and this may be related to the nature of Jute fibers. As well as Carbon lead to increase Tg but Glass fiber decreased Tg when added to natural fiber (Jute fiber). The composite specimen reinforced with three layers of Jute fibers plus four layers of Carbon fibers (3 Jute + 4 Carbon) had the highest Tg (107°C).

Abstract: Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA polymer is used continuously and popular in dental applications during the previous years because it has a set of good properties, including ease of manufacture, light weight, low cost and others. Yet, it has weak mechanical properties under pressure for a long time. The aim of this research was to manufacture composite material with advance mechanical properties by adding two types of fibers, (polypropylene PP and Poly acrylonitrile PAN) to the matrix polymer PMMA. In this research, groups of composite samples were prepared with selected weight ratios of both fibers (1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5 wt. %). Compression strength, hardness value and surface roughness in addition to the Morphology examination were the properties that been evaluated in the normal circumstances. The results showed an increase in compressive strength, hardness and surface roughness, during the increase of reinforcing ratio of the fibers. There was a clear increase in the compressive strength during the increase in the weight ratio of both types of fibers, the largest value was (300MPa) for PMMA/PAN samples that obtained at the highest reinforcing ratio compared to (240 MPa and 119 MPa) PMMA/PP and the neat PMMA, respectively. The hardness increases noticeable with the increase of both type of fibers the reinforcement ratio, and reaches its highest value at the ratio of (7.5wt.%) for both type (87), compared to the neat sample (81). On the other hand, surface roughness increased during the increase of fibers ratio used which negatively affected the samples comparing to the neat polymer. Through SEM test, it was found that the fracture surface of the neat PMMA was homogeneous, while it is almost continuous for both PMMA/PP and PMMA/PAN.

Abstract: Recently investigated photocurable, biocompatible plant resin on tissue engineering to provide the scaffold with structural support and mechanical properties. A novel method had been used here to build our scaffold by combined the traditional three-dimensional fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing and injected the structural scaffold after fabrication with plant-based resin. The materials used are polymers a synthesized one polylactic acid and soybean oil epoxidized acrylate. The addition of soybean plant-based resin improves the adhesion and proliferation of the PLA scaffold while also providing structural support to the fabricated scaffold. The purpose of the study made optimization of printing parameters and compared different printing scaffolds to select the perfect one with preferred mechanical properties. Two designs are built (cubic design and cylinder design) to make a comparison of mechanical properties between the two designs. The novel method was used through injected soybean oil resin into the PLA scaffold by avoiding any heat and temperature rise of the resin. In the traditional method, the resin is printed using an SLA printer which exposed the resin to heating before printing, this will affect the properties of the final model in our technique temperature will eliminate by direct inject the plant-based resin into the PLA scaffold and then photocuring with ultraviolet curing device for 30 min at 405nm. Finally, the results demonstrate that after injecting PLA scaffold with soybean oil resin, the mechanical properties of the scaffold improve; additionally, the results show that the cylindrical design has more promising mechanical properties than the cubic design.

Abstract: The expansion in the application of bio-materials leads to a wide variety of forms. The current study includes the preparation of a biological material in the form of a bio-coating that is represented by the, combination of a substrate with biological properties and at the same time high mechanical properties represented by alumina and the use of a coating from a material that provides high biological properties and low mechanical properties if it compared with the substrate, which is the hydroxyapeptite . Hydroxyapeptite was prepared from the biological waste, which is the egg shells after chemically cleaning by acetone solution and drying them in air , grind for 14 hours then calcination at 850 C^o for 2hours, and reacting with phosphoric acid ,heat treatment by sintering at 1100C^o, for 3 hours to obtain the pure hydroxyapatite phase. After preparing cylindrical samples of alumina and sintering them at a temperature of 1300°C and coating them by immersion with a solution of hydroxyapeptite prepared from mixing of hydroxyapeptite with of distilled water, the immersion is done at intervals ranging from (10,30,and 50 ) minutes, sintering process for soaking sample has been done at 1200 C^o for one hours. The XRD and EDS technique showed an increase in the proportion of hydroxyapatite coatings formed and appears in calcium and phosphorous ions with an increase in the immersion time. Degradation test has been done after soaked the samples in Buffer solution for 7 days which proved increment in degradation as the soaking time increase .

Abstract: In this study, new tetrazole [A₁-A₅] were prepared by the reaction of Schiff base with sodium azide in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by the traditional method (reflux) and microwave technology. The prepared compounds were characterized by physical properties, UV-Vis, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectral, and C.H.N analysis. TLC checked the purity of these compounds. Antibacterial behaviors were investigated against a variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia Gram (-) ve, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram (+) ve. The laser efficacy of the [A₁-A₅] was evaluated after they were radiated by laser for (10, 20, 30) seconds. As the melting point, and color of the substances were determined, it was discovered that they were unaffected, and did not disintegrate or polymerize. Using the Chem3D 19.0 program, the heat of the formulation of the [A₁-A₅] was investigated.

Abstract: The present work aims to prepare polymer-based biocomposite coated layers by electrostatic spray method onto a 316L stainless steel substrate. Different percentages of ( 2,4, and 8) wt.% of Hydroxyapatite (HA) with (98,96, and92) wt.% of PMMA were used to prepare the composite coating. Wettability, phase composition, and surface morphology were studied using contact angle measurement, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques respectively. The results revealed that a homogenous, uniform, and crack-free coating layers were obtained. The wettability testing indicated increased hydrophobicity of the coatings with the addition of hydroxyapatite particles where the 8wt.%HA applied the highest contact angle of (104.08^o).The average thickness was about (400µm) for the coating layer deposited on the substrates using the electrostatic technique, whereas the average diameter coating was about (33.95µm).

Abstract: Background of the study, we studied the possibility of nano-crystalline Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs) modify bandgap by doping with the iron oxide with carbon nanotube aqueous, colloidal, production using photo catalyze as ovicides biosynthesis for the first time against hatching eggs of Aedes agypti. Various concentrations of iron oxide Fe₃O₄/CNTs) Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) crystal (100, 200, 300, 400 μg mL−1) and aqueous solutions (50, 100, 150, 200 μg mL−1) rate (2:1), were evaluated, and in all the concentrations, Fe₃O₄/CNTs) crystal showed significant ovicides properties against Aedes aegypti eggs by mortality rate 95-99%.Functionalization NP (CNT decorated with iron oxide/CNTs) Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersion enhancement in processing or bioactivities changes and anti-microbial. The employment of ultrasonic methods with strong oxidizing acid combinations to modify MWNTs has been employed repeatedly to functionalize CNTs. An ultrasonic bath at 250°C for 30 minutes is used to process the functionalized MWCNTs. FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used to determine the results (SEM). As well as Raman spectra and FTIR spectrum.

Abstract: The effect of using an Nd: YAG laser tattoo removal (nanosecond pulses) to ablate pure gold targets to obtain gold nanorods and pure zinc targets to obtain zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated separately in ethanol using an Nd: YAG laser tattoo removal (nanosecond pulses) and then mixing the resulting mixtures to obtain gold dopant with zinc oxide in this manuscript. Pure gold Nanorods, ZnO nanoparticles, and Au doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and optical properties. The qualities of the manufactured gold Nano highways were disclosed using XRD and TEM. According to the findings, gold Nanorods created by the 532 nm laser have outstanding optical, structural, and morphological features and can be used in a variety of sensors.

Abstract: This paper introduces a review of the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the fabrication of optical fiber biosensors based on localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) and Evanescent field absorption. The AuNPs have special properties, such as high surface/volume ratio, and intense light scattering/absorption, and stable structure. The main advantage of AuNPs in the application of the biosensor in the detection signal increasing, for especially low concentration analyses. Moreover, we illustrate some of the previous works in this field in the period from 2001-2021, which used optical fiber and AuNPs as a base in the development of various biosensors and all exhibited differently limits of detection, sensitivity, and good performances to its target detection.