Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Graphene Nanoparticles Conductive Ink at Different Pattern

Abstract:

The development of variety printing methods and compatible conductive inks is to support the emerging high demand production of printed electronic devices. Conductive ink is used to create conductive paths as interconnecting tracks for the printed electronic devices. The method of integrating various conductive materials using thermoplastic viscous paste was introduced in order to enhance the ability of conductive ink to conducts electricity. Carbon nanomaterial’s offer many opportunities in the conductive ink application especially for printed and flexible electronics. This study aims to produce highly functional conductive ink using graphene nanoparticles (GNP) with Bisphenol-A (BPA) resins as a binder by investigate the mechanical properties and characterization of graphene nanoparticles conductive ink at of different patterns. The effect of nano-indentation, for straight line shape, curve shape, square shape and zigzag shape circuit printed on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate were observed. The hardness and elastic modulus for the formulated graphene nanoparticles conductive ink shows that square patterns displayed a better mechanical properties compared to the other patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) finding also show that square pattern has a uniform distribution of (GNP) filler and lowest amount of atomic weight with fine granular particle indicating of lower resistance value which can contribute to have higher conductivity property. Overall obtained results showed that a square pattern produced good performance in term of mechanical properties that can enhance the conductivity of the conductive ink.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 930)
• Pages: 15-22
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-14vv2f
• Online since: August 2022
• Authors: Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal, Hartini Saad, Mohd Azli Salim, Nor Afifah Khalil, Muzafar Zulkifli, Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya*
• Keywords: Conductive Ink, EDX, Graphene, Nano-Indentation, Scanning Electrons Microscope

References

[1] T. Unander and H. E. Nilsson, Characterization of printed moisture sensors in packaging surveillance applications,, IEEE Sens. J., vol. 9, no. 8, p.922–928, (2009).

DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2009.2024866

[2] G. Cummins and M. P. Y. Desmulliez, Inkjet printing of conductive materials: A review,, Circuit World, vol. 38, no. 4, p.193–213, (2012).

DOI: 10.1108/03056121211280413

[3] E. H. Jewell, S. M. Hamblyn, T. C. Claypole, and D. T. Gethin, The impact of carbon content and mesh on the characteristics of screen printed conductive structures,, Circuit World, vol. 39, no. 1, p.13–21, (2013).

DOI: 10.1108/03056121311298918

[4] D. Li, W. Y. Lai, Y. Z. Zhang, and W. Huang, Printable Transparent Conductive Films for Flexible Electronics,, Adv. Mater., vol. 30, no. 10, p.1–24, (2018).

DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704738

[5] T. Agcayazi, K. Chatterjee, A. Bozkurt, and T. K. Ghosh, Flexible Interconnects for Electronic Textiles,, Adv. Mater. Technol., vol. 3, no. 10, p.1–32, (2018).

DOI: 10.1002/admt.201700277

[6] A. Al-Halhouli, H. Qitouqa, A. Alashqar, and J. Abu-Khalaf, Inkjet printing for the fabrication of flexible/stretchable wearable electronic devices and sensors,, Sens. Rev., vol. 38, no. 4, p.438–452, (2018).

DOI: 10.1108/sr-07-2017-0126

[7] J. M. Abu-Khalaf, L. Al-Ghussain, and A. Al-Halhouli, Fabrication of stretchable circuits on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pre-stretched substrates by inkjet printing silver nanoparticles,, Materials (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 12, p.1–17, (2018).

DOI: 10.3390/ma11122377

[8] I. J. Fernandes et al., Silver nanoparticle conductive inks: synthesis, characterization, and fabrication of inkjet-printed flexible electrodes,, Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, p.1–11, (2020).

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65698-3

[9] Y. J. Wan, G. Li, Y. M. Yao, X. L. Zeng, P. L. Zhu, and R. Sun, Recent advances in polymer-based electronic packaging materials,, Compos. Commun., vol. 19, no. November 2019, p.154–167, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.coco.2020.03.011

[10] S. Mei et al., 3D-Printed thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene composite with porous segregated structure: Toward ultralow percolation threshold and great strain sensitivity,, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 138, no. 14, p.1–11, (2021).

DOI: 10.1002/app.50168

[11] H. Saad, M. A. Salim, N. Azmmi Masripan, A. M. Saad, and F. Dai, Nanoscale graphene nanoparticles conductive ink mechanical performance based on nanoindentation analysis,, Int. J. Nanoelectron. Mater., vol. 13, no. Special Issue ISSTE 2019, p.439–448, (2020).

[12] M. Mokhlis, A Study On Mechanical And Electrical Properties Of Hybridized Graphene-Carbon,, (2019).

[13] X. Chen, Novel technique for measuring the mechanical properties of porous materials by nanoindentation,, p.715–724, (2006).

[14] J. Gubicza, A. Juhász, P. Tasnádi, P. Arató, and G. Vörös, Determination of the hardness and elastic modulus from continuous Vickers indentation testing,, J. Mater. Sci., vol. 31, no. 12, p.3109–3114, (1996).

DOI: 10.1007/bf00354655

[15] I. A. Ovid'ko, Mechanical properties of graphene,, Graphene Sci. Handb. Mech. Chem. Prop., p.3–15, (2016).

[16] M. A. N. Dewapriya, A. Srikantha Phani, and R. K. N. D. Rajapakse, Influence of temperature and free edges on the mechanical properties of graphene,, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 21, no. 6, (2013).

DOI: 10.1088/0965-0393/21/6/065017

[17] S. Chatterjee, F. Nafezarefi, N. H. Tai, L. Schlagenhauf, and F. A. Nu, Size and synergy effects of nanofiller hybrids including graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes in mechanical properties of epoxy composites,, vol. 0, p.1–7, (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.021

[18] D. Kim and J. Moon, Highly conductive ink jet printed films of nanosilver particles for printable electronics,, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., vol. 8, no. 11, p.30–33, (2005).

DOI: 10.1149/1.2073670

[19] M. Mokhlis et al., Nanoindentation of graphene reinforced epoxy resin as a conductive ink for microelectronic packaging application,, Int. J. Nanoelectron. Mater., vol. 13, no. Special Issue ISSTE 2019, p.407–418, (2020).