Paper Titles

Copper Oxide Coupled Titanium Dioxide (CuO/TiO₂) Nanocomposite Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
p.39

Photodegradation of Reactive Blue 4 Using Suspension of Anatase-Titanium Dioxide and Corn Cob
p.45

Adsorption of Methylene Blue Using Tea Waste Treated with Alkaline-Potassium Hydroxide
p.59

Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Oleic Acid as a Template
p.71

Characterizing Groundwater Turbidity Reduction by Using a Magnetic Biocarbon Adsorbent Composite (MBAC): Process Optimization
p.77

PLA Degradation and PLA-Degrading Bacteria: A Mini-Review
p.103

Suspended and Coated Iron Waste for Photo-Fenton-Like Degradation of Industrial Effluents under Neutral Condition
p.111

Enhanced Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Sustainable Biochar Derived from Rice Straw Digestate
p.119

Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye Using Raw and Carbonized Peanut Shell
p.131

HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 932Characterizing Groundwater Turbidity Reduction by...

Characterizing Groundwater Turbidity Reduction by Using a Magnetic Biocarbon Adsorbent Composite (MBAC): Process Optimization

Article Preview

Abstract:

The usage of groundwater as drinking water source in many parts of Kelantan encourages the research and development of various cost-effective alternative adsorbent material for turbidity reduction and drinking water purification. The preparation, characterization, and use of a magnetic biocarbon adsorbent composite (MBAC) is introduced in this study as an option to treat turbid groundwater. In contrast to commercial activated carbon (CAC), peak shifts and peaks denoting Fe-O bending were observed in the FTIR spectrum of MBAC. The adsorption process for turbidity reduction by MBAC and CAC was investigated. A factorial design matrix consisting of four parameters were tabulated, namely, adsorbent dosage (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 g), agitation time (15, 30, and 60 min), agitation rate (150, 200, and 250 rpm), and two adsorbent particle size ranges (M: 300 < x ≤ 500, and Q: ≤ 45 μm). The predictive model was validated with 0.04 g MBAC of ≤ 45 μm in particle size, agitated at 150 rpm, for 48 min, that attained 98.46% turbidity removal efficiency with a final NTU reading of 0.40. Conversely, CAC removed 88.19% for a final NTU reading of 3.07. Overall, the iron oxide impregnated biocarbon composite showed better turbidity reduction capability compared to CAC. The findings of this work support the potential application of MBAC as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of groundwater sourced drinking water.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Section II

Industry-Academia Initiatives in Biotechnology and Chemistry

Materials and Technologies of Modern Production

Info:

Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 932)

Pages:

77-101

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8l34o2

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

September 2022

Authors:

Huda Awang, Nor Asfaliza Abdullah, Ho Yoon Ling, Irene Tan Jia Lin, Palsan Sannasi Abdullah*, Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Fatima Boukhlifi

Keywords:

Activated Carbon, Factorial Design, Iodine Number, Response Surface Methodology, Turbidity

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] Information on https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/990/EDISI/Kelantan/AKSB-diiktiraf-Malaysia-Book-of-Records.

[2] SPAN (Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara), Annual Report, (2018) 30.

[3] F.R. Mohd Faiz, M. Noorazuan, Perubahan kualiti air bawah tanah di negeri Kelantan pada tahun 2010 hingga 2012, JWS. 2 (2018) 1-10.

[4] H.H. Hazimah, M.K. Mohamad Roslan, S. Nurhidayu, A. Zulfa Hanan, M.K. Faradiella, Hydrogeochemistry investigation on groundwater in Kuala Langat, Banting, Selangor, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malays. 67 (2019) 127-134.

[5] R. Muoio, C. Caretti, L. Rossi, D. Santianni, C. Lubello, Water safety plans and risk assessment: A novel procedure applied to treated water turbidity and gastrointestinal diseases C, Int J Hyg Environ Health. 223 (2020) 281-288.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.008

[6] Information on https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/emergencies/fs2_33.pdf.

[7] Information on http://kmam.moh.gov.my/public-user/drinking-water-quality-standard.html.

[8] G.S. Simate, S.E. Iyuke, S. Ndlovu, M. Heydenrych, L.F. Walubita, Human health effects of residual carbon nanotubes and traditional water treatment chemicals in drinking water, Environ. Int. 39 (2012) 38-49.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.09.006

[9] M. Karnib, A. Kabbani, H. Holail, Z. Olama, Heavy metals removal using activated carbon, silica and silica activated carbon composite, Energy Procedia. 50 (2014) 113-120.

DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.06.014

[10] P. Meng, X. Fang, A. Maimaiti, G. Yu, S. Deng, Efficient removal of perfluorinated compounds from water using a regenerable magnetic activated carbon, Chemosphere. 224 (2019) 187-194.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.132

[11] D. Dermatas, T. Mpouras, N. Papassiopi, C. Mystrioti, A. Toli, I. Panagiotakis, Adsorption of groundwater pollutants by iron nanomaterials, in: M.I. Litter, N. Quici, M. Meichtry (Eds), Iron nanomaterials for water and soil treatment, Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2018 pp.37-55.

DOI: 10.1201/b22501-3

[12] C. Santhosh, A. Malathi, E. Dhaneshvar, A. Bhatnagar, A.N. Grace, J. Madhavan, Nanoscale materials in water purification, Elsevier Inc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813926-4.00022-7

[13] P. Tancredi, L.S. Veiga, O. Garate, G. Ybarra, Magnetophoretic mobility of iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by small carboxylate ligands, Colloids Surf. A. 579 (2019) 123664.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123664

[14] A.L. Cazetta, O. Pezoti, K.C. Bedin, T.L. Silva, A. Paesano Junior, T. Asefa, V.C. Almeida, Magnetic activated carbon derived from biomass waste by concurrent synthesis: efficient adsorbent for toxic dyes, ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 4 (2016) 1058-1068.

DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01141

[15] W. Park, S. Jeong, S. Im, A. Jang, High turbidity water treatment by ceramic microfiltration membrane: Fouling identification and process optimization, Environ. Technol. Innov. 17 (2020) 100578.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2019.100578

[16] P. Sannasi, A. Huda, B. Jayanthi, Synthesis of magnetic activated carbon treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate, Pertanika J. Sci. Technol. 29 (2021) 427-444.

[17] A. Nor Asfaliza, P. Sannasi, M.A. Mohamad Faiz, Modifying coconut shell biocarbon by base activation method using response surface modelling, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 16 (2020) 1778-1783.

[18] R. Wannahari, P. Sannasi, M.F.M. Nordin, H. Mukhtar, Sugarcane bagasse derived nano magnetic adsorbent composite (SCB-NMAC) for removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 13 (2018) 1-9.

[19] Information on http://osmindustrial.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ASTM-D4607-Standard-Test-Method-for-Determination-of-Iodine-Number-of-Activated-Carbon.pdf.

[20] A. Mianowski, M. Owczarek, A. Marecka, Surface area of activated carbon determined by the iodine adsorption number, Energy Sources. 29 (2007) 839-850.

DOI: 10.1080/00908310500430901

[21] C.A. Nunes, M.C. Guerreiro, Estimation of surface area and pore volume of activated carbons by methylene blue and iodine numbers, Quim Nova. 34 (2011) 472-476.

DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422011000300020

[22] T.A. Milne, H.L. Chum, F.A. Agblevor, D.K. Johnson, Standardized analytical methods biomass & bioenergy, Proceedings of International Energy Agency Bioenergy Agreement Seminar. 2 (1992) 341-366.

DOI: 10.1016/0961-9534(92)90109-4

[23] K.W.N. Wan Fatihah, C.S. Siti Kamila, A.R.A. Alyza Azzura, M.Y. Mohd Sukeri, S. Mustaffa, Synthesis and physicochemical properties of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as potential solid support for homogeneous catalysts, Malays. J. Anal. Sci. 22 (2018) 768-774.

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2205-04

[24] S. Karthikeyan, P. Sivakumar, P.N. Palanisamy, Novel activated carbons from agricultural wastes and their characterization, E-J. Chem. 5 (2008) 409-426.

DOI: 10.1155/2008/902073

[25] A.F.G.H. Zulkarnia, A.S. Rezki, The potential of activated carbon derived from bio-char waste of bio-oil pyrolysis as adsorbent, MATEC Web of Conference. 01029 (2018) 1-6.

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201815401029

[26] X. Zhao, S. Yi, S. Dong, H. Xu, Y. Sun, X. Hu, Removal of Levofloxacin from aqueous solution by magnesium-impregnated biochar: Batch and column experiments, Chem. Speciat. Bioavailab. 30 (2018) 68-75.

DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2018.1487775

[27] A.R. Hidayu, N.F. Mohamad, S. Matali, A.S.A.K. Sharifah, Characterization of activated carbon prepared from oil palm empty fruit bunch using BET and FT-IR techniques, Procedia Eng. 68 (2013) 379-384.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.195

[28] S. Mopoung, P. Moonsri, W. Palsa, S. Khumpai, Characterization and properties of activated carbon prepared from tamarind seeds by KOH activation for Fe (III) adsorption from aqueous solution, Sci. World J. 2015 (2015) 415961.

DOI: 10.1155/2015/415961

[29] H. Sun, B. Yang, A. Li, Biomass derived porous carbon for efficient capture of carbon dioxide, organic contaminants and volatile iodine with exceptionally high uptake, Chem. Eng. J. 372 (2019) 65–73.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.061

[30] Information on https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Reference/Reference_Tables/Spectroscopic_Parameters/Infrared_Spectroscopy_Absorption_Table.

[31] Information on https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/spectrpy/infrared/infrared.htm.

[32] A. Mirzaei, K. Janhorban, B. Hashemi, S.R. Hosseini, M. Bonyani, S.G. Leonardi, A. Bonavita, G. Neri, Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and investigation of electrical properties of fabricated thick films, Process. Appl. Ceram. 1 (2016) 209-217.

DOI: 10.2298/pac1604209m

[33] P. Suresh Kumar, T. Prot, L. Korving, K.J. Keesman, I. Dugulan, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, G.J. Witkamp, Effect of pore size distribution on iron oxide coated granular activated carbons for phosphate adsorption – Importance of mesopores, Chem. Eng. J. 326 (2017) 231-239.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.147

[34] C. Anyika, N.A.M. Asri, Z.A. Majid, A. Yahya, A. Jaafar, Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells, Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 2 (2017) 16.

DOI: 10.1007/s41204-017-0027-6

[35] N.D. Kandpal, N. Sah, R. Loshali, R. Joshi, J. Prasad, Co-precipitation method of synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 73 (2014) 87-90.

[36] S. Kim, J. Kim, G. Seo, Iron oxide nanoparticle-impregnated powder-activated carbon (IPAC) for NOM removal in MF membrane water treatment system, Desalination Water Treat. 51 (2013) 6392-6400.

DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.781000

[37] B. Shahmoradi, S. Yavari, Y. Zandsalimi, H.P. Shivaraju, M. Negahdari, A. Maleki, G. Mckay, R.P. Radheshyam, S.M. Lee, Optimization of solar degradation efficiency of bio-composting leachate using Nd: ZnO nanoparticles, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. 356 (2018) 201-211.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.01.002

[38] S. Kumar, H. Meena, S. Chakraborty, B.C. Meikap, Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of leaching parameters for ash reduction from low-grade coal, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 28 (2018) 621-629.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.04.014

[39] A.U.F. Tezcan, N. Erginel, O. Ozcan, E. Oduncu, Adsorption of Disperse Orange 30 dye onto activated carbon derived from Holm Oak (Quercus Ilex) acorns: A 3k factorial design and analysis, J. Environ. Manage. 155 (2015) 89-96.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.004

[40] R.H. Myers, D.C. Montgomery, C.M. Anderson-Cook, Response surface methodology, fourth ed., John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, (2016).

[41] M.J. Anderson, P.J. Whitcomb, RSM Simplified, second ed, CRC Press, London, (2017).

[42] G.K. Latinwo, A.O. Alade, S.E. Agarry, E.O. Dada, Process optimization and modeling the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic-congo red dye onto Delonix regia pod-derived activated carbon, Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. 3 (2019) 38-45.

DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1591467

[43] Y. Liang, Y. He, T. Wang, L. Lei, Adsorptive removal of gentian violet from aqueous solution using CoFe2O4 / activated carbon magnetic composite, J. Water Process. Eng. 27 (2019) 77-88.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.11.013

[44] H.B.W. Patterson, Bleaching and purifying fats and oils theory and practice, Elsevier Inc, Netherlands, (2009).

[45] F.R. Spellman, N.E. Whiting, Environmental Engineer's Mathematics Handbook, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, (2005).

[46] Information on https://www.moh.gov.my/index.php/database_stores/attach_download/317/16.

[47] A. Huda, P. Sannasi, A.L. Zul Ariff, A preliminary study of local behaviour, perceptions and willingness to pay towards better water quality in Pasir Mas, Tanah Merah, and Jeli, Malaysia, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. 549 (2020) 012086.

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/549/1/012086

[48] M.B. Ahmed, J.L. Zhou, H.H. Ngo, W. Guo, M. Chen, Progress in the preparation and application of modified biochar for improved contaminant removal from water and wastewater, Bioresour. Technol. 214 (2016) 836-851.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.057