The Study of Mechanical Properties and Chemical Groups of Composite Concrete

Abstract:

The use of hemp fiber is capable of increasing the compressive and tensile strength, along with enhanced ductility in concrete. Shell ash also contains calcium compounds that improve the properties of concrete. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete as well as the chemical functional groups of hemp fiber. To achieve this, hemp fiber (additive) and 6% shell ash (filler) were added to the concrete mixture, targeting a design strength of 25MPa. The results showed that the average compressive strength of concrete after 28 days obtained a minimum value of 25.668MPa with 0.5% fiber and the maximum strength was 33.446MPa with 1.5% fiber. The split tensile strength test of the concrete after 28 days obtained a minimum value of 1.982MPa, and a maximum of 2.831MPa. These results showed that adding hemp fiber at approximately 1.5% to concrete improved the compressive strength by 4.74% and the split tensile strength by 3.47% compared to conventional concrete. Furthermore, the FTIR test showed that the shape of the wavelength spectrum diagram and the area of chemical bond peaks were the same among hemp, plastic, and other natural fibers.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 998)
• Pages: 65-76
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-C5xzPF
• Online since: December 2024
• Authors: Andi Yusra*, Muttaqin Hasan, Husni Husin, Teuku Budi Aulia, Baharuddin Baharuddin, Syahril Ramadhan, Fachruddin Fachruddin, Sanusi Sanusi
• Keywords: Chemical Compound, Concrete Strength, Hemp Fiber

References

[1] N. Tripathi, M. Misra, and A. K. Mohanty, "Durable polylactic acid (PLA)-based sustainable engineered blends and bio composites: Recent developments, challenges, and opportunities," ACS Eng. Au, vol. 1, no. 1, p.7–38, 2021.

DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.1c00011

[2] M. R. M. Asyraf et al., "Mechanical properties of oil palm fibre-reinforced polymer composites: A review," J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 17, p.33–65, 2022.

[3] F. J. Liando, S. O. Dapas, and S. E. Wallah, "PPlanning of reinforced concrete structure of 5-storey lecture building," J. Sipil Statik, vol. 8, no. 4, 2020.

[4] T.H. Bagio, E.Y. Baggio, S.W. Mudjanarko, and P.R.T. Naibaho, "Reinforced Concrete Beam and Column Programming Based on SNI: 2847-2019 On Smartphone Using Texas Instruments," ASTONJADRO, vol. 10, no. 2, p.287–300, 2021.

DOI: 10.32832/astonjadro.v10i2.5101

[5] S. Pranav, S. Aggarwal, E.-H. Yang, A. K. Sarkar, A. P. Singh, and M. Lahoti, "Alternative materials for wearing course of concrete pavements: A critical review," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 236, p.117609, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117609

[6] A. V. R. Sihombing, B. S. Subagio, E. S. Hariyadi, A. M. Mulyadi, R. Utami, and R. P. Sihombing, "Effect of bio rejuvenator types on microstructure, mechanistic performance, and resilient modulus prediction model of asphalt concrete containing recycled materials in Indonesia," J. King Saud Univ.-Eng. Sci., 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2023.04.001

[7] A. Surahyo, Surahyo, and Luby, Concrete construction. Springer, 2019.

[8] M. D. Fauzan, "THE USAGE OF RATTAN FIBER TO IMPROVE THE CONCRETE QUALITY," 2019.

[9] A. S. Dastgerdi, R. J. Peterman, K. Riding, and B. T. Beck, "Effect of concrete mixture components, proportioning, and compressive strength on fracture parameters," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 206, p.179–192, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.025

[10] M. D. Rout, S. Biswas, K. Shubham, and A. K. Sinha, "A systematic review on performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as sustainable material in rigid pavement construction: Current status to future perspective," J. Build. Eng., vol. 76, p.107253, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107253

[11] Z. Jiang, C. Tang, J. Yang, Y. You, and Z. Lv, "A lab study to develop polyurethane concrete for bridge deck pavement," Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 23, no. 5, p.1404–1412, 2022.

DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2020.1804063

[12] S. Deb, N. Mitra, S. B. Majumder, and S. Maitra, "Improvement in tensile and flexural ductility with the addition of different types of polypropylene fibers in cementitious composites," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 180, p.405–411, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.280

[13] H. Gholizadeh and S. Dilmaghani, "The study of mechanical properties of high strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers," Civ. Eng. J., vol. 4, no. 1, p.221–230, 2018.

DOI: 10.28991/cej-030981

[14] A. Rai and Y. P. Joshi, "Applications and properties of fibre reinforced concrete," J. Eng. Res. Appl., vol. 4, no. 5, p.123–131, 2014.

[15] Z. H. Mohebi, A. B. Bahnamiri, and M. Dehestani, "Effect of polypropylene fibers on bond performance of reinforcing bars in high strength concrete," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 215, p.401–409, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.230

[16] A.C. Bhogayata and N. K. Arora, "Fresh and strength properties of concrete reinforced with metalized plastic waste fibers," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 146, p.455–463, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.095

[17] L. Lanzoni, A. Nobili, and A.M. Tarantino, "Performance evaluation of a polypropylene-based draw-wired fibre for concrete structures," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 28, no. 1, p.798–806, 2012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.017

[18] Y. Wang, H. C. Wu, and V. C. Li, "Concrete reinforcement with recycled fibers," J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 12, no. 4, p.314–319, 2000.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2000)12:4(314)

[19] F. S. Khalid, J. M. Irwan, M. W. Ibrahim, N. Othman, and S. Shahidan, "Performance of plastic wastes in fiber-reinforced concrete beams," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 183, p.451–464, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.122

[20] C. Signorini and V. Volpini, "Mechanical performance of fiber reinforced cement composites including fully-recycled plastic fibers," Fibers, vol. 9, no. 3, p.16, 2021.

DOI: 10.3390/fib9030016

[21] R. F. Zollo, "Fiber-reinforced concrete: an overview after 30 years of development," Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 19, no. 2, p.107–122, 1997.

DOI: 10.1016/s0958-9465(96)00046-7

[22] I. Shah, J. Li, S. Yang, Y. Zhang, and A. Anwar, "Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced concrete," J. Renew. Mater., vol. 10, no. 5, p.1307, 2022.

DOI: 10.32604/jrm.2022.017513

[23] A. Geremew, P. De Winne, T. A. Demissie, and H. De Backer, "Treatment of natural fiber for application in concrete pavement," Adv. Civ. Eng., vol. 2021, p.1–13, 2021.

DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667965

[24] I. S. Kishore and C. M. Chowdary, "Influence of Steel Fibers as Admix in Normal Concrete Mix," Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol., vol. 7, no. 1, 2016.

[25] H. Wu et al., "A review of recent developments in application of plant fibers as reinforcements in concrete," J. Clean. Prod., p.138265, 2023.

[26] R. Merli, M. Preziosi, A. Acampora, M. C. Lucchetti, and E. Petrucci, "Recycled fibers in reinforced concrete: A systematic literature review," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 248, p.119207, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119207

[27] H. Abdollahiparsa, A. Shahmirzaloo, P. Teuffel, and R. Blok, "A review of recent developments in structural applications of natural fiber-Reinforced composites (NFRCs)," Compos. Adv. Mater., vol. 32, p.26349833221147540, 2023.

DOI: 10.1177/26349833221147540

[28] A. M. Febriana, S. Nisumanti, and U. S. Minaka, "The Effect of Adding Coconut Fiber Ash and Sikacim Concrete Additive on the Compressive Strength of Concrete," J. Gradasi Tek. Sipil, vol. 6, no. 2, p.74–81, 2022.

DOI: 10.31961/gradasi.v6i2.1470

[29] A. Yusra, I. Y. Salena, D. P. Sari, and A. Asrianur, "The Influence of Rattan Fibre Addition to The Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2021, p.012019.

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012019

[30] A. Yusra, H. Meliana2b, L. Opirina, and A. Satria, "Investigation of normal concrete properties with the addition of micro reinforcement," 2023.

[31] X. Zhou, H. Saini, and G. Kastiukas, "Engineering properties of treated natural hemp fiber-reinforced concrete," Front. Built Environ., vol. 3, p.33, 2017.

DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2017.00033

[32] G. Gedik and O. Avinc, "Hemp fiber as a sustainable raw material source for textile industry: can we use its potential for more eco-friendly production?," Sustain. Text. Appar. Ind. Sourc. Nat. Raw Mater., p.87–109, 2020.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38541-5_4

[33] R. B. Malabadi, K. P. Kolkar, and R. K. Chalannavar, "Industrial Cannabis sativa (Hemp fiber): Hempcrete-A Plant Based and Eco-friendly Building Construction Material".

[34] M. D. W. Rahman and Y. Risdianto, "Utilization of Jute Sack Fiber (Hemp) as a Concrete Additive and Electric Arc Furnace Slag 30% as a Sand Substituent in Normal Concrete Making," Rekayasa Tek. Sipil, vol. 2, no. 1, p.1–7, 2019.

[35] I. Wikana and T. Haryanto, "Efforts to Increase the Bending Strength of Concrete Blocks with Hemp Rope," Dalam Maj. Ilm. UKRIM Ed., vol. 1, 2007.

[36] S. Ahmad and K. S. Akhtar, "Textile Raw Materials," Pak. High. Educ. Comm., p.190, 2017.

[37] B. A. Tamoro, "Karakteristik Beton Substitusi Fly Ash Dengan Penambahan Serat Rami," Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2016.

[38] J. P. Manaia, A. T. Manaia, and L. Rodriges, "Industrial hemp fibers: An overview," Fibers, vol. 7, no. 12, p.106, 2019.

DOI: 10.3390/fib7120106

[39] E. Awwad, M. Mabsout, B. Hamad, M. T. Farran, and H. Khatib, "Studies on fiber-reinforced concrete using industrial hemp fibers," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 35, p.710–717, 2012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.119

[40] E.G. Nawy, A. Moreton, B. Mather, M. Malhotra, and M. Sprinkel, "Concrete Properties," Transp. New Millenn., 2000.

[41] A. CODE, "318-14: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary," Am. Concr. Inst. Farmington Hills MI USA, 2014.

[42] A. R. Villca et al., "Lime/pozzolan/geopolymer systems: Performance in pastes and mortars," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 276, p.122208, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122208

[43] A. Pambudi, M. Farid, and J. A. R. Hakim, "Morphological Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy of Betung Bamboo Fiber (Dendrocalamus Asper) Results of the Alkalization Process as a Composite Booster for Sound Absorption," vol. 6, no. 2, 2017.

[44] M. Helinski, A. Fourie, M. Fahey, and M. Ismail, "Assessment of the self-desiccation process in cemented mine backfills," Can. Geotech. J., vol. 44, no. 10, p.1148–1156, 2007.

DOI: 10.1139/t07-051

[45] A. ACI, Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. 2014.

[46] O. Gencel et al., "Characteristics of hemp fibre reinforced foam concretes with fly ash and Taguchi optimization," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 294, p.123607, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123607

[47] A.I.C.C. on C. and C. Aggregates, Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM international, 2014.

[48] A.C. Committee, "State of the Art Report in Fiber Reinforced Concrete," ACI Am. Concr. Inst. Farmington Hills MI USA, 1982.

[49] M. Brindha, S. Khan, S.S. Narayanan, A.S. Kumar, and V. Viviek, "Properties of concrete reinforced with bamboo fibre," Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol, vol. 6, no. 3, p.3809–3812, 2017.

[50] S. Liu, D. Gao, and B. Chen, "Experimental investigation on Steel-Bamboo Composite shear connections," J. Build. Eng., vol. 61, p.105207, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105207