Drying Characteristics of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Using Oven and its Evaluation for Bio-Ethanol Production

Abstract:

The objective of this research is to study the influence of temperature on drying and changes in carbohydrate composition during the drying. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was dried in oven at various temperatures and initial weight 2 g. The initial moisture content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 487.2% dry weight and the composition was hemicellulose (62.76), cellulose (2.39), and lignin (0.46% dry weight). Every 5 min, the moisture content was recorded. The critical moisture contents of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at 50, 60, and 70 °C are 7.2, 3.9, and 3.1% dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, the equilibrium water contents are 0.53, 0.32, and 0.12% dry weight, respectively. The carbohydrate content in Chlorella pyrenoidosa cell as a result FTIR analysis indicates that the higher temperature of drying the carbohydrate content increases. Drying of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C will decrease moisture content without disturb carbohydrate molecule, so the carbohydrate content increases. Therefore, drying of Chlorella pyrenoidosa before converting become bio-ethanol will give benefit to increase the carbohydrate content and initial rupturing of it’s cell.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1007)
• Pages: 1-5
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1007.1
• Online since: August 2020
• Authors: Megawati Megawati*, Astrilia Damayanti, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri, Irene Nindita Pradnya, Habib Faisal Yahya, Nurul Kumarany Arnan
• Keywords: Bio-Ethanol, Carbohydrate, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Drying

References

[1] A.R. Sirajunnisa and D. Surendhiran, Algae–A quintessential and positive resource of bioethanol production: A comprehensive review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 66 (2016) 248–267.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.024

[2] S.A. Jambo, R. Abdulla, S.H. Mohd Azhar, H. Marbawi, J.A. Gansau, and P. Ravindra, A review on third generation bioethanol feedstock, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 65 (2016) 756–769.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.064

[3] C.G. Liu, K. Li, Y. Wen, B.Y. Geng, Q. Liu, and Y.H. Lin, Bioethanol: New opportunities for an ancient product, in: Advances in Bioenergy, Elsevier Inc., 2019, pp.1-34.

DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.12.002

[4] A.B. Ross, J.M. Jones, M.L. Kubacki, and T. Bridgeman, Classification of macroalgae as fuel and its thermochemical behaviour, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 6494–6504.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.036

[5] C.S. Goh and K.T. Lee, A visionary and conceptual macroalgae-based third-generation bioethanol (TGB) biorefinery in Sabah, Malaysia as an underlay for renewable and sustainable development, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14 (2010) 842–848.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.001

[6] K.H. Kim, I.S. Choi, H.M. Kim, S.G. Wi, and H.J. Bae, Bioethanol production from the nutrient stress-induced microalga Chlorella vulgaris by enzymatic hydrolysis and immobilized yeast fermentation, Bioresour. Technol. 153 (2014) 47–54.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.059

[7] V.R. Moreira, Y.A.R. Lebron, S.J. Freire, L.V.S. Santos, F. Palladino, and R.S. Jacob, Biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution using Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Optimization, equilibrium and kinetics studies, Microchem. J. 145 (2019) 119–129.

DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.027

[8] X. Zhao, X. Tan, L. Yang, J. Liao, and X. Li, Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in anaerobic wastewater: the coupled effects of ammonium, temperature and pH conditions on lipids compositions, Bioresour. Technol. 284 (2019) 90-97.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.117

[9] A. Raheem, P. Prinsen, A.K. Vuppaladadiyam, M. Zhao, and R. Luque, A review on sustainable microalgae based biofuel and bioenergy production: Recent developments, J. Cleaner Prod. 181 (2018) 42–59.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.125

[10] C.Y. Chen, X.Q. Zhao, H.W. Yen, S.H. Ho, C.L. Cheng, D.J. Lee, F.W. Bai, and J.S. Chang, Microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production, Biochem. Eng. J. 78 (2013) 1–10.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.03.006

[11] B.H.H. Goh, H.C. Ong, M.Y. Cheah, W.H. Chen, K.L. Yu, and T.M.I. Mahlia, Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: A critical review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 107(C) (2019) 59–74.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.012

[12] T. Viswanathan, S. Mani, K.C. Das, S. Chinnasamy, A. Bhatnagar, R.K. Singh, and M. Singh, Effect of Cell Rupturing Methods on The Drying Characteristics an Lipid Compositions of Microalgae, Bioresour. Technol. 126 (2012) 131-136.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.122

[13] T. Simioni, M.B. Quadri, and R.B. Derner, Drying of Scenedesmus obliquus: Experimental and modeling study, Algal Res. 39 (2019) 101428.

DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101428

[14] H. Hosseinizand, S. Sokhansanj, and C.J. Lim, Studying the drying mechanism of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and the optimum drying temperature to preserve quality characteristics, Drying Technol. 36 (2018) 1049–1060.

DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2017.1369986

[15] A.R.C. Villagracia, A.P. Mayol, A.T. Ubando, J.B.M.M. Biona, N.B. Arboleda Jr., M.Y. David, R.B. Tumlos, H. Lee Jr., O.H. Lin, R.A. Espiritu, A.B. Culaba, and H. Kasai, Microwave drying characteristics of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) for biofuel production, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 18 (2016) 2441–2451.

DOI: 10.1007/s10098-016-1169-0

[16] S.K., Bagchi, P.S. Rao, and N. Mallick, Development of an oven drying protocol to improve biodiesel production for an indigenous chlorophycean microalga Scenedesmus sp, Bioresour. Technol. 180 (2015) 207-213.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.092

[17] A.P. Biz, L. Cardozo-Filho, and E.F. Zanoelo, Drying dynamics of microalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) dispersion droplets, Chem. Eng. Proc. Intensification 138 (2019) 41–48.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2019.03.007

[18] D. Fithriani, L. Assadad, and A. Siregar, Karakteristik dan Model Matematika Kurva Pengeringan Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii Characteristics and Mathematical Model of Drying Curve of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed, JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan 11 (2016) 159–170.

DOI: 10.15578/jpbkp.v11i2.290

[19] Karaaslan, Sevil, O. Uysal, F.O. Uysal, K. Ekinci, and B.S. Kumbul, Mathematical Modelling of Drying of Chlorella sp., Neochloris conjuncta and Botrococcus braunii at Different Drying Conditions, European J. Suistain. Dev. 5 (2016) 421-430.

DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2016.v5n4p421

[20] A.F.R. Silva, H. Abreu, A.M.S. Silva, and S.M. Cardoso, Effect of Oven-Drying on the Recovery of Valuable Compounds from Ulva rigida, Gracilaria sp. and Fucus vesiculosus, Mar. Drugs 17 (2019) 1-17.

DOI: 10.3390/md17020090

[21] H. Hosseinizand, S. Sokhansanj, and C.J. Lim, Studying the drying mechanism of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and the optimum drying temperature to preserve quality characteristics, Drying Technol. 3937 (2017).

DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2017.1369986

[22] B Ş. Sert, B. İnan, and D. Özçimen, Effect of Chemical Pre-treatments on Bioethanol Production from Chlorella minutissima, Acta Chim. Slov 65 (2018) 160–165.

DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2017.3728