Extraction of Flavonoid Compound of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Fruit and Leaves Using the Soxhlet Method in Different Types of Solvent

Abstract:

Indonesia has great benefits as a tropical country where a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and other plants are found so that they have the potential to be a source of bioactive compounds such as flavonoid compounds. This research will study the effect of solvent polarity on the extraction of flavonoid bioactive compounds in bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.) fruit and leaves using the Soxhlet method. The solvents used were non-polar (n-hexane), polar (ethanol), and semi-polar (ethyl acetate) with a concentration of 50% (v/v). Extraction was carried out at the boiling point of the solvent at various extraction times of 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes with a sample to solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/w). From this research, it was known that ethyl acetate was able to extract bitter melon with the highest yield than n-hexane and ethanol, which was 36% at 90 minutes. The largest total flavonoid compound (TFC) was obtained in extraction using ethanol then n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In Soxhlet extraction, the semi-polar solvent (ethyl acetate) has the best performance on the yield, while the polar solvent (ethanol) was the best for extracting TFC compounds in the bitter melon fruit and leaves.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1051)
• Pages: 58-63
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1051.58
• Online since: January 2022
• Authors: Umi Rofiqah*, Miftakhul Fakhrurozi, Muhammad Harris Hafidhuddin
• Keywords: Antioxidants, Bioactive Compounds, Bitter Melon, Flavonoids, Soxhlet Extraction

References

[1] Brunetti, C., et al., Flavonoids as antioxidants and developmental regulators: relative significance in plants and humans. International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. 14(2): pp.3540-3555.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023540

[2] Miller, A. Antioxidant Flavonoids : Structure , Function and Clinical Usage. (2002).

[3] Zamora-Ros, R., et al., The association between dietary flavonoid and lignan intakes and incident type 2 diabetes in European populations: the EPIC-InterAct study. Diabetes Care, 2013. 36(12): pp.3961-70.

[4] Guo, X.F., et al., Flavonoid subclasses and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2019. 59(17): pp.2850-2862.

DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1476964

[5] Shan, B., et al., Ethanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from Momordica charantia L. and its antioxidant activity. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2012. 90(3): pp.579-587.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2011.09.004

[6] Dalar, A., et al., Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Eryngium bornmuelleri leaf. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 2014. 69(1): pp.30-6.

DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0393-6

[7] Hossain, M.A., et al., Study of total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013. 3(9): pp.705-10.

DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60142-2

[8] Amalia, F. and G.N. Afnani, Extraction and Stability Test of Anthocyanin from Buni Fruits (Antidesma Bunius L) as an Alternative Natural and Safe Food Colorants. 2013, 2013. 1(2).

[9] Boy, H.I.A., et al., Recommended Medicinal Plants as Source of Natural Products: A Review. Digital Chinese Medicine, 2018. 1(2): pp.131-142.

[10] Zhu, Y., et al., Effect of Superfine Grinding on Antidiabetic Activity of Bitter Melon Powder. 2012. 13(11): pp.14203-14218.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114203

[11] Hsu, C., et al., Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation. Food Chemistry, 2012. 135(3): pp.976-984.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.045

[12] Yasui, Y., et al., Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p.53 and PPARgamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2005. 73(2): pp.113-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.04.013

[13] Ifeanyi, A.C., et al. EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA ON ESTROUS CYCLE OF SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. (2011).

[14] Um, M., T.H. Han, and J.W. Lee, Ultrasound-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and ascorbic acid from rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) fruit. Food Sci Biotechnol, 2018. 27(2): pp.375-382.

DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0247-3