Hardness and Compressive Strength Evaluation of Dental Composites Containing Biosilica-Encapsulated Healing Liquid

Abstract:

Tooth cavity is one of the most common dental health problems in Indonesia that can be treated by applying dental fillings. However, dental fillings often experience microcrack and secondary caries. Self-Healing Dental Materials (SHDM) which use microencapsulation technique as healing system, are developed to solve this problem. In this work, we employed mesoporous biosilica from Cyclotella striata TBI as microcapsule to entrap healing liquid contains polyacrylic acid and polybasic carboxylic acid. SHDM was prepared by mixing Filtek Z350XT flowable composite with fluoroaluminosilicate healing powder and healing liquid encapsulated in biosilica. We also added silica containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB@PSN) filler as antibacterial agent. Six groups of tested samples were prepared with various composition of biosilica and CTAB@PSN. Filtek composite was used as a control. We studied the entrapment of helaing liquid in biosilica and effect of biosilica addition towards mechanical properties of the resulting SHDM. The statistical analysis was determined using ANOVA. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red showed that the microencapsulation of healing liquid in biosilica was successful with immersion method without stirring. Addition of biosilica and CTAB@PSN fillers into the Filtek composites resulted in the decrease of the mechanical properties. The hardness values of the resulting composites were in the range 44.33–53.25 VHN. Nevertheless, the hardness values were still comparable to the hardness of dentin. Addition of filler decreased the compressive strength, but statistically insignificant, from 268.68 MPa to 228.53–252.04 MPa. To conclude, healing liquid can be entrapped in porous biosilica. Adding healing agent affects SHDM composite’s hardness but not its compressive strength.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1069)
• Pages: 111-119
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-udp383
• Online since: August 2022
• Authors: Sherlyn Wang, Veni Takarini, Rindia Maharani Putri, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan Asri*
• Keywords: Biosilica, Cyclotella striata TBI, Dental Composites, Encapsulation, Self-Healing Dental Materials, Silica Microcapsules

References

[1] K. Chan, Y. Mai, H. Kim and et al, Review: Resin composite filling, Materials 3 (2010) 1228-1243.

[2] H. Alzraikat, M. Burrow, G. Maghaireh and N. Taha, Nanofilled resin composite properties and clinical performance: A review, Operative Dentistry 43 (2018) E173-E190.

DOI: 10.2341/17-208-t

[3] Á. Ástvaldsdóttir, J. Dagerhamn, J. W. V. van Dijken, A. Naimi-Akbar, G. Sandborgh-Englund, S. Tranæus and M. Nilsson, Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults – A systematic review, J. Dent. 43(2015) 934-954.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.001

[4] D. Leung, D. A. Spratt, P. J., K. Gulabivala, N. J. Mordan and N. M. Young, Chlorhexidine-releasing methacrylate dental composite materials, Biomaterials, 26(2005) 7145-7153.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.014

[5] B. E. Wertzberger, J. T. Steere, R. M. Pfeifer, M. A. Nensel, M. A. Latta and S. M. Gross, Physical characterization of a self-healing dental restorative material, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 118 (2010) 428-434.

DOI: 10.1002/app.31542

[6] W. Junling, M. D. Weit, Q. Zhang, C. Zhou, M. A. S. Melo and H. H. K. Xu, Novel self-healing dental resin with microcapsules of polymerizable triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine, Dent. Mater. 32 (2016) 294-304.

DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.014

[7] K. Althaqafi, J. Satterthwaite and N. Silikas, A review and current state of autonomic self-healing microcapsules-based dental resin composites, Dent. Mater. 36 (2020) 329-342.

DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.12.005

[8] W. Junling, M. D. Weir, M. A. S. Melo and H. H. K. Xu, Development of novel self-healing and antibacterial dental composite containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles, J. Dent. 43 (2015) 317-326.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.01.009

[9] W. Junling, M. D. Weir, M. A. S. Melo, H. E. Strassler and H. H. K. Xu, Effects of water-aging on self-healing dental composite containing microcapsules J. Dent. 47 (2016) 86-93.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.008

[10] G. Huyang, A. E. Debertin and J. Sun, Design and development of self-healing dental composites, Mater. Des. 94 (2016) 295-302.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.046

[11] Sharma, S. Alam, C. Sharma, A. Patnaik and S. R. Kumar, Static and dynamic mechanical behavior of microcapsule-reinforced dental composite, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. L 233 (2017) 1184-1190.

DOI: 10.1177/1464420717733770

[12] M. Yahyazadehfar, G. Huyang, X. Wang, Y. Fan, D. Arola and J. Sun, Durability of self-healing dental composites: A comparison of performance under monotonic and cyclic loading, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 93 (2018) 1020-1026.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.057

[13] M. Terracciano, L. D. Stefano and I. Rea, Diatoms green nanotechnology for biosilica-based drug delivery system, Pharmaceutics 10 (2018) 242.

DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040242

[14] S. Maher, T. Kumeria, M. S. Aw and D. Losic, Diatom silica for biomedical applications: Recent progress and advances, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 7 (2018) 1800552.

DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800552

[15] J. Delasoie and F. Zobi, Natural diatom biosilica as microshuttles in drug delivery systems,"Pharmaceutics 11 (2019) 537.

DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100537

[16] M. S. Aw, S. Simovic, J. Addai-Mensah and D. Losic, Silica microcapsules from diatoms as new carrier for delivery of therapeutics, Nanomedicine 6 (2011) 1159-1173.

DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.29

[17] S. R. Cicco, D. Vona, G. Roberto. E. Sardella, R. Ragni,M. L. Presti, G. M. Farinola, Biosilica from living diatoms: Investigations on biocompatibility of bare and chemically modified Thalassiosira weissflogii silica shells, bioenginerring, vol. 3 (2016) 35.

DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3040035

[18] V. Askikfgajer and e. al, Technical product profile Filtek Z350XT Flowable Restorative, 3M ESPE.

[19] C. Chuenarrom, P. Benjakul and P. Daosodsai, Effect of indentation load and time on knoop and vickers microhardness tests for enamel and dentin, Materials Research, 12 (2009) 473-476.

DOI: 10.1590/s1516-14392009000400016