Paper Titles
Comparative Analysis of the Effective Nonlinear Elastic Modulus of Three Glassy Polymers
p.17
Optical and Structural Microstriation of Sapphire Grown by Different Methods
p.25
Four Types of Magnetic Subsystems in Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors Based on A4B6 and A3B6 Compounds
p.33
Peculiarities of the Mechanical Response of Sapphire under Nanoindentation
p.43
Copper Test Melts with Additions of Pb, Bi, As, Sb and Sn
p.53
A Bronze Button from Late Bronze Age Site of Inzersdorf ob der Traisen
p.61
Roman Bronze Objects from the Archaeological Site of Burg in Burgenland, Austria
p.69
Fresh State Performance of Concrete with Recycled Glass Powder as Cement Replacement and Nanosilica
p.79
Mechanical and Environmental Performance of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Silica Fume and Scallop Shell Powder in Coastal Areas
p.87

Copper Test Melts with Additions of Pb, Bi, As, Sb and Sn

Article Preview
View Pdf By email

Abstract:

Archaeometallurgical copper-artefacts contain a wide variety of metal admixtures (e.g. Pb, Bi, As, Sb, Sn) which either originate from the ores or were intentionally added. When the melt solidifies, these elements can accumulate in different structural areas and form special phases. The different alloying elements also interact with each other. In order to be able to examine these interactions, model alloys with different elements (Pb, Bi, As, Sb, Sn) and concentrations (5 or 10 wt.% each) were produced. More simple alloys show a dendritic microstructure and the added elements accumulate in the interdendritic areas. This is clearly visible for Pb and Bi additions, as both metals are not soluble in copper. As and Sb form compounds with Cu which precipitate mainly in the interdendritic regions. Sn is soluble in Cu at lower concentrations and Cu-Sn phases are formed only at higher concentrations. The resulting microstructures become very complex if more elements are involved. Finally, they enable us to have a better understanding for microstructures of ancient copper alloys.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Metallographic, Functional Materials, Polymers and Composites View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1180)

Pages:

53-59

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Is6WLJ

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

March 2026

Authors:

Roland Haubner*, Susanne Strobl

Keywords:

Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Copper, Test Melts, Tin

Funder:

The publication of this article was funded by the TU Wien 10.13039/501100004729

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Permissions:

Creative Commons CC BY 4.0

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] R. Haubner, Die prähistorische Kupfermetallurgie - allgemeine Betrachtungen, BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, 166 (2021) 343-351.

DOI: 10.1007/s00501-020-01056-0

Google Scholar

[2] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, Considerations on Copper Smelting from Fahlores and the Metallurgy of Cu-As Bronzes, BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, 168 (2023) 434-444.

DOI: 10.1007/s00501-022-01230-6

Google Scholar

[3] F. Ertl, S. Strobl, R. Haubner, An ancient bronze ingot smelted from fahlore, Materials Science Forum, 891 (2017) 613-617.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.891.613

Google Scholar

[4] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, Direct Production of Tin Bronzes from Copper and Cassiterite, Materials Science Forum, 1081 (2023) 137-142.

DOI: 10.4028/p-s4jt77

Google Scholar

[5] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, Microstructure of an extraordinary Bronze Age copper ingot with a high antimony content, Pract. Metallogr., 59 (2022) 732-748.

DOI: 10.1515/pm-2022-1004

Google Scholar

[6] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, M. Thurner, H. Herdits, Ein Kupfergusskuchen mit hohem Antimongehalt aus Velem/Westungarn, BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, 165 (2020) 453-460.

DOI: 10.1007/s00501-020-01017-7

Google Scholar

[7] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, Investigations on Copper Cast Cakes, Sickle Fragments and a Spout Axe of the Hoard Find from Drassburg/Burgenland, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 12 (2023) 187-201.

DOI: 10.1007/s13632-023-00936-4

Google Scholar

[8] T.B. Massalski, Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams. ASM International, Metals Park OH (1990).

Google Scholar

[9] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, The Copper-Arsenic eutecticum and the Cu3As phase, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 405 (2020) 19-25.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.405.19

Google Scholar

[10] R. Haubner, S. Strobl, Microstructural Examinations of Copper Antimony Alloys, Pract. Metallogr., 58 (2021) 620-629.

DOI: 10.1515/pm-2021-0054

Google Scholar