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Can Emery Replace CEMII in Masonry Restoration Mortars?

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Abstract:

Under the current research project, the feasibility of reducing the carbon footprint of masonry restoration mortars was investigated, by means of replacing a part of cement with emery. A two-fold advantage is offered by following this strategy: (i) to develop more sustainable restoration mortars and (ii) to validate the use of a rock that can potentially offer greater resistance to depletion/ weathering. Emery, a naturally occurring rock was characterized via X-ray fluorescence and stereo microscopy. The reference mortar was prepared according to EN 196-1:2016, with a CEMII/B-M(P-LL)42.5R cement targeting a flow table spread of 12-16±1 mm (in accordance with EN1015-3:1999+A1). Consequently, (i) a 20% and (ii) a 50% CEMII replacement with corundum powder was materialized. The mean compressive strength was reduced, as originally intended, by approximately 50% for the 50% replacement, allowing the mortar to be used for restoration purposes, where natural, low strength materials are preferred, which not exceeding the strength of masonry stones. Interestingly, flexural strength did not fall drastically. A number of complications arise on setting the flow spread as the basic design parameter and discussion on mix design is elaborated upon and correlated with the 7-and 28-day strength tests (in accordance with EN1015-11:1999+A1). Furthermore, the pore structure of the surface of the specimens was investigated via stereo microscopy and interesting observations pave the way for more sustainable mortar design.

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Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1181)

Pages:

141-146

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-OnMmw4

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Online since:

March 2026

Authors:

Styliani Papatzani*, Nikolaos Alexios Stefanis, Anna Fanouria Kloukinioti

Keywords:

Cement, Characterization, Emery, Flow Table, Restoration Mortars

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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References

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