Nitriding of Ternary Iron-Based Alloys: Metastable Mixed Nitrides, Excess Nitrogen and Stress-Depth Profile

Abstract:

For the first time it could be shown that, upon nitriding Fe-Cr-Al alloys, the thermodynamical stable cubic CrN and hexagonal AlN nitrides do not develop. Instead, a mixed Cr_xAl_1-xN nitride develops of rock-salt crystal-structure type exhibiting a Bain orientation relationship with the ferritic matrix: the Al atoms are “dragged” into the developing cubic CrN precipitates. Similar observations were made upon nitriding Fe-Cr-Ti alloys. The formation of these mixed Cr_xAl_1-xN precipitates is associated with the incorporation of large amounts of (mobile and immobile) “excess nitrogen” and the development of large residual stresses. Creep, associated with residual stress relaxation, occurs during nitriding, giving rise to complex residual stress-depth profiles.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volumes 706-709)
• Pages: 2583-2588
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.2583
• Online since: January 2012
• Authors: R.E. Schacherl, Eric Jan Mittemeijer
• Keywords: Excess Nitrogen, Mixed Nitrides, Nitriding, Precipitate, Ternary Alloys

References

[1] C.H. Knerr, T.C. Rose and J.H. Filkowski, in: Heat Treating, edited by J.R. Davis et. al., ASM Handbook Vol. 4 (1991), p.387.

[2] D. Liedtke, U. Baudis, J. Boßlet, U. Huchel, H. Klümper-Westkamp, W. Lerche and H.J. Spies: Wärmebehandlung von Eisenwerkstoffen Nitrieren und Nitrocarburieren, Renningen, Expert Verlag (2006).

[3] M.H. Biglari, C.M. Brakman and E.J. Mittemeijer: Phil. Mag. Vol. 72A (1995), p.1281.

[4] N. Granito, H. Kuwahara and T. Aizawa: J. Mater. Sc. Vol. 37 (2002), p.835.

[5] D.H. Jack: Acta Metall. Vol. 24 (1976), p.137.

[6] M. Pope, P. Grieveson and K. H Jack: Scand. J. Metall. Vol. 2 (1973), p.29.

[7] J.H. Driver, D.C. Unthank and K.H. Jack: Philos. Mag. Vol. 26 (1972), p.1227.

[8] M. Sennour, P.H. Jouneau and C. Esnouf: J. Mater. Sci. Vol. 39 (2004), p.4521.

[9] H.J. Spies, H. Biermann and A. Fischer: Z. Metallk. Vol. 96 (2005), p.781.

[10] H.H. Podgurski and H.E. Knechtel: Trans. TMS-AIME Vol. 245 (1969), p.1595.

[11] B. Mortimer, P. Grieveson and K.H. Jack: Scand. J. Metall. Vol. 1 (1972), p.203.

[12] K.H. Jack: Proceedings of the conference on heat treatment (1975), p.39.

[13] S.S. Hosmani, R.E. Schacherl, L. Litynska-Dobrzynska and E.J. Mittemeijer: Philos. Mag. Vol. 88 (2008), p.2411.

[14] M.H. Biglari, C.M. Brakman, E.J. Mittemeijer and S. van der Zwaag: Metall. Mater. Trans. Vol. A 26 (1995), p.765.

[15] A.R. Clauß, E. Bischoff, S.S. Hosmani, R.E. Schacherl and E.J. Mittemeijer: Metall. Mater. Trans. Vol. 40A (2009), p. (1923).

[16] A.R. Clauß, E. Bischoff, R.E. Schacherl and E.J. Mittemeijer: Philos. Mag. Vol. 89 (2009), p.565.

[17] A.R. Clauß, E. Bischoff, R.E. Schacherl and E.J. Mittemeijer: Mat. Sc. Tech. Vol. 26 (2010), p.297.

[18] R.E. Schacherl and E.J. Mittemeijer: HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. Vol. 64 (2009), p.226.

[19] E.J. Mittemeijer and J.T. Slycke: Surf. Eng. Vol. 12 (1996), p.152.

[20] A.R. Clauß, E. Bischoff, S.S. Hosmani, R.E. Schacherl and E.J. Mittemeijer: Metall. Mat. Trans. Vol. 40A (2009), p. (1923).

[21] K.S. Jung, R.E. Schacherl, E. Bischoff and E.J. Mittemeijer: submitted for publication.

[22] M.A.J. Somers, R.M. Lankreijer and E.J. Mittemeijer: Philos. Mag. Vol. A59 (1989), p.353.