Effects of the Precursor Solution Addition Time in the Solochemical Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals

Abstract:

The solochemical method was applied to prepare ZnO nanocrystals at low temperature, using sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride as starting materials. In this work, different addition times of the precursor solution were adopted and their effects on the crystalline domains (or crystallite) size and particle morphology of the obtained samples were investigated. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The XRPD results revealed that all samples produced have a single ZnO hexagonal wurtzite phase (space group P6₃mc) under anisotropic strain. The parallel to perpendicular crystallite size ratio was about 1.21 for the sample produced with instantaneous addition of the precursor solution and 1.19 for 1 h longer addition time. The anisotropic strains become about 12% smaller for the sample produced with longer addition time. The TEM results of the samples showed ZnO nanometric particles with nearly rounded and rod-like morphologies.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volumes 727-728)
• Pages: 856-860
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.727-728.856
• Online since: August 2012
• Authors: Marivone Gusatti, Carlos Eduardo Maduro de Campos, Gilvan Sérgio Barroso, Daniel Aragão Ribeiro de Souza, Camila Cardoso Milioli, Laura Abreu Silva, Humberto Gracher Riella, Nivaldo Cabral Kuhnen
• Keywords: Nanocrystal, Solochemical Technique, TEM, Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

References

[1] J. Kubota, K. Haga, Y. Kashiwaba, H. Watanabe, B.P. Zhang and Y. Segawa: Appl. Surf. Sci. Vol. 216 (2003), p.431.

[2] Y. -S. Fu, X. -W. Du, J. Sun, Y. -F. Song and J. Liu: J. Phys. Chem. Vol. 111 (2007), p.3863.

[3] Ü. Özgür, Y.I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M.A. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S. -J. Cho and H. Morkoçd: J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 98 (2005), pp.1-103.

[4] S. Singh, P. Thiyagarajan, K. Mohan Kant, D. Anita, S. Thirupathiah, N. Rama, B. Tiwari, M. Kottaisamy and M.S. Ramachandra Rao: J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. Vol. 40 (2007), p.6312.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/40/20/s15

[5] J. -X. Duan, H. Wang, X. -T. Huang: Chin. J. Chem. Phys. Vol. 20 (2007), p.613.

[6] S.M. Al-Hilli and M. Willander: J. Nanopart. Res. Vol. 8 (2006), p.79.

[7] C.A.C.M. Dias and H.R. Paes Júnior: Revista Matéria Vol. 11 (2006), p.267.

[8] A.C.F.M. Costa, M.A.F. Ramalho, L.S. Neiva, S. Alves-Jr, R.H.G.A. Kiminami and L. Gama: Rev. Eletrônica de Mat. E Proc. Vol. 2. 3 (2007), p.14.

[9] K.G. Kanade, B. B Kale, R.C. Aiyer and B.K. Das: Mater. Res. Bull. Vol. 41 (2006), p.590.

[10] G.M. Duffy, S.C. Pillai and D.E. Mccormack: Smart Mater. Struct. Vol. 16 (2007), p.1379.

[11] C. Wu, X. Qiao, J. Chen, H. Wang, F. Tan and S. Li: Materials Letters Vol. 60 (2006), p.1828.

[12] Y. Hu and H.J. Chen: J. Nanopart. Res. Vol. 10 (2008), p.401.

[13] M. Gusatti, J.A. Rosario, G.S. Barroso, C.E.M. Campos, H.G. Riella and N.C. Kuhnen: Chemical Engineering Transactions Vol. 17 (2009), p.1017.

[14] M.R. Vaezi and S.K. Sadrnezhaad: Materials & Design Vol. 28 (2007), p.515.

[15] M. Gusatti, J. de Almeida do Rosário, C.E. Maduro de Campos, N. Cabral Kunhen, E. Urano de Carvalho, H. Gracher Riella and A.M. Bernardin: J. Nanosci. and Nanotechnol. Vol. 10 (2010), p.4348.

DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2198

[16] A.C. Larson and R.B. Von Dreele, in: General Structure Analysis System (GSAS), Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LAUR, 86-748 (2000).

[17] B.H. Toby: J. Appl. Cryst. Vol. 34 (2001), p.210.

[18] P. Stephens, J. Appl. Cryst. Vol. 32 (1999) p.281.

[19] ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database), Gmelin-Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Fachinformationszentrum, FIZ, Karlsruhe (2007).

[20] H. Sowa, H. Ahsbahs: Journal of Applied Crystallography Vol. 39 (2006), p.169 ICSD code 154486.