Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Polyol Using Sugarcane Bagasse Activated Carbon and Transesterification Reaction for Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Abstract:

This study was carried out to determine the potential of waste cooking oil (WCO) in preparation of rigid polyurethane (PU) foam. The raw WCO was first filtered and adsorbed by using sugarcane bagasse activated carbon in order to purify the oil. Next, the adsorbed WCO was used to synthesize polyol via transesterification reaction. The WCO-based polyol was then combined with other chemicals at various ratios to form PU rigid foam. The adsorbed WCO showed the decrease in both free fatty acid percentage and viscosity, from 4.3 % to 0.77 % and from 106 mPa.s to 72.5 mPa.s, respectively. No alteration of functional group observed after adsorption as proven by FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectrum of WCO-based polyol showed the formation of OH absorption peak and supported by the increase in hydroxyl value from 0 to 148.79 mgKOH/g after reaction. The formation of urethane linkages (NHCO) backbone in PU foam was confirmed using FTIR. The properties of PU foam are highly dependent on the chemical composition. The density and compressive strength of 60:54:90:40 of glycerol:water:polyol:amine polyurethane foam are 277.7 kg/m³ and 0.10 MPa, respectively. This study showed that WCO exhibit promising potential as raw material for PU formation.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 846)
• Pages: 690-696
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.846.690
• Online since: March 2016
• Authors: Syuhada Mohd Tahir*, Wan Norfirdaus Wan Salleh, Nur Syahamatun Nor Hadid, Nor Fatihah Enderus, Nurul Aina Ismail
• Keywords: Polyol, Polyurethane Foam, Transesterification Reaction, Waste Cooking Oil

References

[1] Zhang, L., Jeon, K.H., Malsam, J., Herrinton, R. and Macosko, W.C., (2007). Substituting soybean oil-based polyol into polyurethane flexible foam. Polymer, 48, 6656-6667.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.09.016

[2] Wood, G., (1990). The ICI Polyurethane Book. Netherland.

[3] Badri, K.H., (2012).

[4] Miao, S., Wang, P., Su, Z. and Zhang, S., (2013). Vegetable oil based polymer as future polymeric biomaterial. Acta Biomaterialia.

[5] Ferraro, L.G., Alvarenga, F.B.D.S., Gelfuso, M.V. and Thomazini, D., (2014). Investigation to obtain polyols from residual frying oils. Material Science Forum, 775-776, 351-356.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.351

[6] Maznee, T.N., Hazimah, T.I., Ooi, A.H., and Salmiah, T.L., (2007). A polyol from used frying oil (P-UFO). MPOB information ISSN 1511-7871.

[7] Setia, F., & Dwi, D. (2012). The Optimization of Diphenyl Methane Diisocynate Polymerization Process with the Used Frying Oil Polyalcohol to Foam Polyurethane Using RSM, 1–7.

[8] Sipaut, C.S. @ Nasri, M., Sundang, M., Saalah, S., Hoon, T. C., Ibrahim, M.N.M., Rahman, I.A. and Abdullah, A.A., (2012).

[9] Hwa, L. and Aloysius Yuli, W., (2013). Synthesis of polyol from edible oil waste with ozonolysis technology.

[10] Badri, K.H., Ahmad, S. H and Zakaria, S., (2000). Development of zero ODP rigid polyurethane foam from RBD palm kernel oil. Journal of Material Science Letters, 19, 1355-1356.

[11] Wanahari, R. and Nordin, M.F.M., (2012). The recovery of used palm cooking oil using bagasse as adsorbent. American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 59 – 62.

DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2012.59.62

[12] Jin, J., Tanaka, S., Egashira, Y. and Nishiyama, N., (2010). KOH activation of ordered mesoporous carbons prepared by a soft-templating method and their enhanced electrochemical properties. Carbon, 48, 1985-(1989).

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.02.005

[13] Mitome, T., Uchida, Y., Egashira, Y., Hayashi, K., Nishiura, A. and Nishiyama, N., (2013). Adsorption of indole on KOH-activated mesoporous carbon. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochemical and Engineering Aspects, 424, 89-95.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.022

[14] Badri, K.H., Dawi, L.I.M. and Aziz, A.A.N., (2013). Rigid polyurethane foam from glycolysed polyethylene terephthalate dissolved in palm-based polyol. Sains Malaysiana, 42(4), 449 – 457.

[15] Fridrihsone, A., Stima, U., Lazdina, B., Misane, M. and Vilsone, D., (2013). Characterization of polyurethane network structure and properties based on rapeseed oil derived polyol. European Polymer Journal, 49(6), 1204 – 1214.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.03.012

[16] Chuayjuljit, S., Sangpakdee, T. and Saravari, O., (2007). Processing and Properties of Palm Oil-based Rigid Polyurethane Foam. J. Met. Mat. Mi. 17, 17–23.