Electrochemical Behaviors of Biomedical Nanograined β-Type Titanium Alloys

Abstract:

The microstructural evolution and its effect on biocompatibility of TNTZ through HPT processing were investigated systematically in this study. TNTZ_AHPT shows an enhanced mechanical biocompatibility, which is characterized by a higher tensile strength (1375 MPa) and hardness (450 HV) than those of TNTZ_ST, TNTZ_AT, and Ti64 ELI while maintaining a relatively low Young’s modulus. In this study, such microstructural refinement of TNTZ and its effect on electrochemical biocompatibility through HPT processing are investigated systematically in this study. The microstructure of TNTZ_AT consists of randomly distributed needle-like α precipitates in the equiaxed β grains with a diameter of approximately 40 m. The microstructure of TNTZ_AHPT consists of nanograined (NG) elongated β grains that have subgrains of non-uniform morphologies resulting from distortion by severe torsional deformation. Furthermore, the β grains and subgrains are surrounded by non-equilibrium grain boundaries. The needle-like α precipitates are completely refined to a nanograined. TNTZ_AHPT exhibits an enhanced combination of excellent corrosion performance and improved cellular response compared to TNTZ_ST, TNTZ_AT, and Ti64 ELI.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 879)
• Pages: 2549-2554
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.879.2549
• Online since: November 2016
• Authors: Hakan Yilmazer*, Burak Dikici, Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai, Hui Houng Lui, Yoshikazu Todaka, Ahmet Nuri Ozcivan
• Keywords: Biocompatibility, High-Pressure Torsion, Nanograined Materials, Titanium Alloys

References

[1] Kuroda D, Niinomi M, Morinaga M, Kato Y, Yashiro T. Design and mechanical properties of new β type titanium alloys for implant materials. Mater Sci Eng A 1998; 243: 244–9. doi: 10. 1016/S0921-5093(97)00808-3.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(97)00808-3

[2] Niinomi M. Mechanical biocompatibilities of titanium alloys for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2008; 1: 30–42. doi: 10. 1016/j. jmbbm. 2007. 07. 001.

[3] Zhilyaev A, Langdon T. Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications. Prog Mater Sci 2008; 53: 893–979. doi: 10. 1016/j. pmatsci. 2008. 03. 002.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.03.002

[4] Valiev RZ, Islamgaliev RK, Alexandrov I V. Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Prog Mater Sci 2000; 45: 103–89.

DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6425(99)00007-9

[5] Thorpe SJ, Ramaswami B, Aust KT. Corrosion and Auger Studies of a Nickel‐Base Metal‐Metalloid Glass: II . The Effect of Elemental Interactions in the Breakdown of Passivity and Localized Corrosion of Metglass 2826A. Elsevier; 1988. doi: 10. 1016/B978-0-08-087780-8. 00025-5.

DOI: 10.1002/chin.198851027

[6] Rofagha R, Erb U, Ostrander D, Palumbo G, Aust KT. The effects of grain size and phosphorus on the corrosion of nanocrystalline Ni-P alloys. Nanostructured Mater 1993; 2: 1–10. doi: 10. 1016/0965-9773(93)90044-C.

DOI: 10.1016/0965-9773(93)90044-c

[7] Misra RDK, Thein-Han WW, Pesacreta TC, Hasenstein KH, Somani MC, Karjalainen LP. Cellular response of preosteoblasts to nanograined/ultrafine-grained structures. Acta Biomater 2009; 5: 1455–67. doi: 10. 1016/j. actbio. 2008. 12. 017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.12.017

[8] Misra RDK, Thein-Han WW, Mali SA, Somani MC, Karjalainen LP. Cellular activity of bioactive nanograined/ultrafine-grained materials. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 2826–35. doi: 10. 1016/j. actbio. 2009. 12. 017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.017

[9] Yilmazer H, Niinomi M, Cho K, Nakai M, Hieda J, Sato S, et al. Microstructural evolution of precipitation-hardened β-type titanium alloy through high-pressure torsion. Acta Mater 2014; 80: 172–82. doi: 10. 1016/j. actamat. 2014. 07. 041.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.041

[10] Yilmazer H, Niinomi M, Nakai M, Cho K, Hieda J, Todaka Y, et al. Mechanical properties of a medical β-type titanium alloy with specific microstructural evolution through high-pressure torsion. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2013; 33: 2499–507. doi: 10. 1016/j. msec. 2013. 01. 056.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.056

[11] Akahori T, Niinomi M, Fukui H, Ogawa M, Toda H. Improvement in fatigue characteristics of newly developed beta type titanium alloy for biomedical applications by thermo-mechanical treatments. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 25, 2005, p.248.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2004.12.007

[12] Sakai G, Nakamura K, Horita Z, Langdon TG. Developing high-pressure torsion for use with bulk samples. Mater Sci Eng A 2005; 406: 268–73. doi: 10. 1016/j. msea. 2005. 06. 049.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.049

[13] Gubicza J, Nam NH, Balogh L, Hellmig RJ, Stolyarov V V, Estrin Y, et al. Microstructure of severely deformed metals determined by X-ray peak profile analysis. J Alloys Compd 2004; 378: 248–52. doi: 10. 1016/j. jallcom. 2003. 11. 162.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.11.162

[14] Horita Z, Smith DJ, Furukawa M, Nemoto M, Valiev RZ, Langdon TG. An investigation of grain boundaries in submicrometer-grained Al-Mg solid solution alloys using high-resolution electron microscopy. J Mater Res 2011; 11: 1880–90. doi: 10. 1557/JMR. 1996. 0239.

DOI: 10.1557/jmr.1996.0239

[15] Valiev R. Nanostructuring of metals by severe plastic deformation for advanced properties. Nat Mater 2004; 3: 511–6. doi: 10. 1038/nmat1180.

DOI: 10.1038/nmat1180

[16] Nazarov AA, Romanov AE, Valiev RZ. On the structure, stress fields and energy of nonequilibrium grain boundaries. Acta Metall Mater 1993; 41: 1033–40. doi: 10. 1016/0956-7151(93)90152-I.

DOI: 10.1016/0956-7151(93)90152-i

[17] Hao YL, Yang R, Niinomi M, Kuroda D, Zhou YL, Fukunaga K, et al. Young's modulus and mechanical properties of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4. 6Zr in relation to α" martensite. Metall Mater Trans A 2002; 33: 3137–44. doi: 10. 1007/s11661-002-0299-7.

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-002-0299-7

[18] Güleryüz H, Cimenoğlu H. Effect of thermal oxidation on corrosion and corrosion-wear behaviour of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 3325–33. doi: 10. 1016/j. biomaterials. 2003. 10. 009.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.009

[19] Sul Y-T, Johansson CB, Petronis S, Krozer A, Jeong Y, Wennerberg A, et al. Characteristics of the surface oxides on turned and electrochemically oxidized pure titanium implants up to dielectric breakdown: Biomaterials 2002; 23: 491–501. doi: 10. 1016/S0142-9612(01)00131-4.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00131-4

[20] Niinomi M, Kuroda D, Fukunaga K, Morinaga M, Kato Y, Yashiro T, et al. Corrosion wear fracture of new β type biomedical titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 1999; 263: 193–9. doi: 10. 1016/S0921-5093(98)01167-8.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(98)01167-8

[21] Zhou YL, Niinomi M, Akahori T, Fukui H, Toda H. Corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Ti–Ta alloys for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng A 2005; 398: 28–36. doi: 10. 1016/j. msea. 2005. 03. 032.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.032

[22] Okazaki Y. A New Ti–15Zr–4Nb–4Ta alloy for medical applications. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 2001; 5: 45–53. doi: 10. 1016/S1359-0286(00)00025-5.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-0286(00)00025-5

[23] Geetha M, Kamachi Mudali U, Gogia A., Asokamani R, Raj B. Influence of microstructure and alloying elements on corrosion behavior of Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy. Corros Sci 2004; 46: 877–92. doi: 10. 1016/S0010-938X(03)00186-0.

DOI: 10.1016/s0010-938x(03)00186-0

[24] Davis JR. Corrosion Understanding the Basics. Materials Park: ASM International; (2000).