Effects of Material Reactivity on the Sintering Properties of Magnesium Oxide Partially Stabilized Zirconia Metering Nozzle

Abstract:

In this study, a magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) sample was prepared by granulation, molding, drying, and calcining. MgO was used as stabilizer, along with chemical-and electrofusion-made zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) powder, as well as a different mixture of the two as the raw material. The effects of material reactivity on the sintering properties of the Mg-PSZ metering nozzle were studied by analyzing the physical properties and microscopic structure of the sample. The results show that, under the same sample preparation conditions, the electrofusion-made ZrO₂ had lower reactivity, resulting in a lower percentage of stable phase, loose adhesion among particles after sintering, more than 20% porosity, and poor antierosion and antiscouring performance. However, electrofusion-made ZrO₂ only had a shrinking percentage of 6%, leading to a higher sintering yield. However, compared with the electrofusion-made ZrO₂, chemical-made ZrO₂ had a higher reactivity, better sintering properties, more stable phase component, and approximately 75% less porosity. Chemical-made ZrO₂, however, had a shrinking percentage as high as 20%, causing serious sample cracking after sintering. Therefore, both types of ZrO₂ are not ideal as the only raw material for Mg-PSZ metering nozzles. Nonetheless, when a 1:1 mixture of the two types of ZrO₂ was used as the raw material, the calcined sample showed better property parameters in porosity and volume density, as well as compressive strength, satisfying the requirements for Mg–PSZ-based metering nozzles.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 980)
• Pages: 25-33
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.980.25
• Online since: March 2020
• Authors: Liang Zhao, Qian Huang*, Shuang Yao, Hao Wang, Qun Hu Xue
• Keywords: Metering Nozzle, Partially Stabilized Zirconia, Reactivity, Sintering Property

References

[1] W. L. Huo, X. Y. Zhang, Y. G. Chen, Y. J. Lu, W. T. Liu, X. Q. Xi, Y. L. Wang, J. Xu, J. L. Yang, Highly Porous Zirconia Ceramic Foams with Low Thermal Conductivity from Particle‐Stabilized Foams. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2016, 99, 3512-3515.

DOI: 10.1111/jace.14555

[2] Baghmar, D. Structural Phase Transitions and Elastic Properties of Zirconia, Phase Transitions. 2013, 86, 811-823.

DOI: 10.1080/01411594.2012.721116

[3] X. H. Wang, H. X. Li, Yang B. Review on development of tundish nozzle for billet continuous casting. Continuous Casting, 2003, (3): 37-39.

[4] Q. H. Xue, L. Zhao, D. H. Ding, Y. H. Zhou, X. Wang, Modification Effect of MgO–Al2O3–ZrO2 Composite Powders on Zirconia Metering Nozzle. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society. 2016, 44, 474-480.

[5] R. H. J. Hannink, P. M. Kelly, B. C. Muddle. Transformation toughening in zirconia-containing ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83(3): 461–487.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01221.x

[6] J. Chevaloer, L. Gremillard, A. V. Virkar. The tetragonal-monoclinic transformation in zirconia: lessons learned and future trends. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92(9): 1901–(1920).

DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03278.x

[7] L. Zhao, Q. H. Xue. Effects of temperature gradient on the damage of zirconia metering nozzle. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2017, 24(9): 999-1003.

DOI: 10.1007/s12613-017-1488-0

[8] R. V. Mangalaraja, B. K. Chandrasekhar, P. Manohar. Effect of Ceria on the Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Toughened Alumina. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2003, 343(1-2): 71 - 75.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00368-4

[9] R. E. P. Salem, A. L. Chinelatto, A. S. A. Chinelatto. Sintering of Y2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 Powders Obtained by Different Chemical Methods. Materials Science Forum, 2008, 591-593:649-653.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.649

[10] L. Zhao, Q. H. Xue, Influence of SiO2 impurity on solid solution of stabilizer in partially stabilized zirconia ceramic. Materials Review, 2016, 30(12): 140-143.

[11] J. X. Zhao, Y. J. Zhang, H. Y. Gong, Y. B. Zhang, X. L. Wang, X. Guo, and Y. J. Zhao, Fabrication of high-performance Y2O3 stabilized hafnium dioxide refractories, Ceramics International, 2015, 41(4):5232-5238.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.01.047

[12] L. Zhao, S. Yao, L. Kang, H. Y. Sun, and Q. Huang. Corrosion Mechanism of Calcium Oxide Partially Stabilized Zirconia by an Alkaline Metallurgical Slag. Science of Advance Materials, 2019, 11: 483-488.

DOI: 10.1166/sam.2019.3439

[13] P. Li, F. Luo, J. Xu, X. Y. Wang, W. C. Zhou, and D. M. Zhu, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Partially Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2008, 36: 306-310.

[14] Miquel Turon-Vinas, Fei Zhang, Jef Vleugels, Marc Anglada. Effect of calcia co-doping on ceria-stabilized zirconia. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 38, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2621-2631.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.12.053

[15] Andrey O.Zhigachev, Alexey V.Umrikhin, Yuriy I.Golovin. The effect of calcia content on phase composition and mechanical properties of Ca-TZP prepared by high-energy milling of baddeleyite. Ceramics International, Volume 41, Issue 10, Part A, December 2015, Pages 13804-13809.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.063

[16] Andrey O. Zhigachev, Vyacheslav V. Rodaev, Alexey V. Umrikhin, Yuriy I. Golovin. The effect of silica content on microstructure and mechanical properties of calcia-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic. Ceramics International, Volume 45, Issue 1, January 2019, Pages 627-633.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.09.220

[17] Nik Akmar Rejab, Ahmad Zahirani AhmadAzhar, Mani Maran Ratnam, Zainal Arifin Ahmada. The effects of CeO2 addition on the physical, microstructural and mechanical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA). International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Volume 36, January 2013, Pages 162-166.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.08.010