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Ternary Nanocomposite as a Charge Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

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Abstract:

The convergence of escalating energy demand and finite fossil fuel reserves has created an urgent, global imperative for sustainable and renewable energy. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have quickly become a leading contender in photovoltaics. Their appeal lies in superior optoelectronic properties, high light absorption capabilities, and cost-effective manufacturing, positioning them as a strong alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. However, significant challenges remain, particularly concerning efficiency, long-term stability, and the reproducibility of device performance. This research addresses these issues by focusing on the crucial role of electron transport materials (ETMs). An Ag/rGO/TiO2 ternary nanocomposite through a simple hydrothermal method, designed to function as a highly effective electron transport layer (ETL) in planar PSCs. When integrated into a PSC and measured under standard AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm²) conditions, the optimized Ag/rGO/TiO2 ETL delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.72% ± 0.25% (based on an average of N=5 devices). The champion device showed a short-circuit current density (JSC​) of 14.98 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (VOC​) of 0.99 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 58.83%. This performance represents a notable improvement over the reference device using pristine TiO₂, which achieved a PCE of 6.56% ± 0.31% (JSC​ = 13.1 mA/cm², VOC​ = 0.95 V, and FF = 52.7%) under identical conditions. This enhancement confirms that the doped materials significantly improve photovoltaic performance by promoting efficient charge transport and suppressing recombination. This work outlines a straightforward and low-cost approach to creating advanced ETMs, which is a vital step toward the commercialization of next-generation perovskite devices.

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Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 51 View Preview

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Periodical:

Nano Hybrids and Composites (Volume 51)

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65-74

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0rRxEL

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Muhammad Shahzad Sadiq, Muhammad Imran*

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Morphological Investigations, Nanocomposites, Photovoltaic, Solar Cells, XRD Technique

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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