Emerging Behaviour of Alloy Steel Microstructure in Hydrogen Sulphide Environment - A Review

Abstract:

Alloy steel is known to be different from carbon steel due to the presence of the alloying element in varying compositions which is usually done for the purpose of modifying and improving the performance of the steel. However, a major problem with the alloy steel is that it usually exhibits different behavior in terms of the microstructures and the mechanical properties, especially, in sulphide environment. Thus, this study focused on the different microstructure of alloy steel and their performance in different environment with strong emphasis in sulphide environment. It was established in the study that a major problem of alloy steel in hydrogen sulphide environment is the sulphide stress cracking which is attributed to the presence of hydrogen and its absorption by the alloy steel. Hence, this study provides a potential guide and information on the capacity of the grades of alloy steel that can thrive in sulphide environment.

• Periodical: Solid State Phenomena (Volume 355)
• Pages: 49-60
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-kyn9aT
• Online since: February 2024
• Authors: Sunday Lukeman Lawal, Sunday Adeniran Afolalu*, Tien Chien Jen, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
• Keywords: Alloy Steel, Cracking Characterization, Hydrogen Sulphide, Microstructure, Stress

References

[1] Wang, D., Zhong, Q., Yang, J., & Zhang, S. (2023). Effects of Cr and Ni on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of high-strength low alloy steel. Journal of Materials Research and Technology.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.12.191

[2] Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhi, X., Li, B., & Ouyang, Y. (2023). Tests on slip resistant behaviour of aluminium alloy-stainless steel faying surfaces. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 202, 107762.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107762

[3] Zhang, T., Liu, W., Sun, Y., Dong, B., Yang, W., & Chen, L. (2023). Investigating the corrosion resistance of Cu-doped Ni-Mo low alloy steel through electrochemical tests. Corrosion Communications.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2022.12.001

[4] Papavinasam, S. (2013). Corrosion control in the oil and gas industry. Elsevier. 2: 22-45

[5] Singh, A. P., & Srivastava, C. (2023). Understanding the non-monotonic variation in the corrosion rate of Sn-Ni coatings with Ni addition by the analysis of texture and grain boundary constitution of the matrix phase and spatial distribution of the intermetallic phase in the coating microstructure. Corrosion Science, 211, 110787.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110787

[6] Cabrera-Correa, L., Gonzalez-Rovira, L., de Dios Lopez-Castro, J., & Botana, F. J. (2022). Pitting and intergranular corrosion of Scalmalloy® aluminium alloy additively manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Corrosion Science, 201, 110273.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110273

[7] Sotoodeh, K. (2022). Cryogenic Valves for Liquefied Natural Gas Plants. Elsevier.4:333-440

[8] Fu, Q., Wang, C., Wu, C., Wu, Y., Dai, X., Jin, W., ... & Yu, Z. (2022). Investigating the combined effects of wide stacking faults and grain size on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of high-purity Mg. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 927, 167018

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167018

[9] Gupta, A., & Yan, D. S. (2016). Mineral processing design and operations: an introduction. Elsevier.

[10] Yu, Z., Zeng, D., Hu, S., Zhou, X., Lu, W., Luo, J., .. & Meng, K. (2022). The failure patterns and analysis process of drill pipes in oil and gas well: A case study of fracture S135 drill pipe. Engineering Failure Analysis, 138, 106171.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106171

[11] Wu, X., Zhang, H., Yang, M., Jia, W., Qiu, Y., & Lan, L. (2022)., Experimental study of hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength pipeline steels. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 11:2(2) 200

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.12.108

[12] Zhang, H., Xu, J., Guo, L., & Dong, H. (2023). Study on rust layers of carbon steel, weathering steel and alloy steel exposed to Shanghai atmosphere for three years. Materials Today Communications, 35, 105520.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105520

[13] Soleimani, M., Mirzadeh, H., & Dehghanian, C. (2020). Effect of grain size on the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel. Materials Research Express, 7(1), 016522.

DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab62fa

[14] Xue, L., Ding, Y., Pradeep, K. G., Case, R., Castaneda, H., & Paredes, M. (2022). The grain size effect on corrosion property of Al2Cr5Cu5Fe53Ni35 high-entropy alloy in marine environment. Corrosion Science, 208, 110625.

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4157016

[15] Jin, Q. I. N., Zhi, L. I., YI, D. Q., & Bin, W. A. N. G. (2022). Diversity of intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking for 5083 Al alloy with different grain sizes. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 32(3), 765-777.

DOI: 10.1016/s1003-6326(22)65831-x

[16] Quan, S., Song, R., Su, S., Huang, Y., Cai, C., Wang, Y., & Wang, K. (2023). Grain boundary engineering prepared by iterative thermomechanical processing of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel: Excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Materials Characterization, 196, 112601.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112601

[17] Luo, X., Wei, Y., Shen, J., Ma, N., & Li, C. J. (2023). Breaking the tradeoff between corrosion resistance and fatigue lifetime of the coated Mg alloy through cold spraying submicron-grain Al alloy coatings. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2022.12.011

[18] Zou, G., Wang, Q., Wang, G., Liu, W., Zhang, S., Ai, Z., & Song, D. (2023). Revealing excellent passivation performance of a novel Cr-alloyed steel rebar in carbonized concrete environment. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 23, 1848-1861

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.118

[19] Patel, S. N., Singh, D. K., Akula, D. P., Adhikary, M., & Kumar, A. (2022). Investigation of catastrophic failure of API grade pipes used for hydraulic oil in an Integrated Steel Plant. Engineering Failure Analysis, 138, 106336.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106336

[20] Kantyukov, R., Ryakhovskikh, I., & Kashkovskiy, R. (2021). The impact of internal stratifications on the performance of oil and gas pipes. Engineering Failure Analysis, 120, 105091.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105091

[21] Sun, Z., Niu, D., Wang, X., Zhang, L., & Luo, D. (2022). Bond behavior of coral aggregate concrete and corroded Cr alloy steel bar. Journal of Building Engineering, 61, 105294.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105294

[22] Sedmak, A., Arsić, M., Šarkoćević, Ž, Medjo, B., Rakin, M., Arsić, D., & Lazić, V. (2020). Remaining strength of API J55 steel casing pipes damaged by corrosion. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 188, 104230.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2020.104230

[23] Yu, H., Peng, X., Lian, Z., Shi, T., Wang, J., & Zhao, Z. (2022). Experimental and numerical simulation of fatigue corrosion behavior of V150 high-strength drill pipe in air and H2S-dilling mud environment. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 98, 104392.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2021.104392

[24] Sobanke, H., Das, S., Song, P., & Yoosef-Ghodsi, N. (2021). Behaviour of wrinkled thin-walled steel pipes subjected to displacement-controlled axial cyclic loads. Thin-Walled Structures, 168, 108269.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2021.108269

[25] Santos, E. A. D., Giorgetti, V., Souza Junior, C. A. D., Marcomini, J. B., Sordi, V. L., & Rovere, C. A. D. (2022). Stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue analysis of API X70 steel exposed to a circulating ethanol environment. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 200, 1-12.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2022.104846

[26] Savaedi, Z., Mirzadeh, H., Aghdam, R. M., & Mahmudi, R. (2022). Effect of grain size on the mechanical properties and bio-corrosion resistance of pure magnesium. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 19, 3100-3109.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.048

[27] Ponkratov, Y. V., Samarkhanov, K. K., Baklanov, V. V., Gordienko, Y. N., Kenzhina, I. E., Bochkov, V. S., ... & Saparbek, E. (2023). Investigation of the interaction of liquid tin-lithium alloy with austenitic stainless steel at high temperatures. Fusion Engineering and Design, 191, 113560.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113560

[28] Ohaeri, E. G., & Szpunar, J. A. (2022). An overview pipeline steel development for cold climate applications. Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering. 9: 2 (3) 1050-2000

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.003

[29] Yang, Y., Tong, L., Yin, S., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Qiu, Y., & Ding, Y. (2022). Status and challenges of applications and industry chain technologies of hydrogen in the context of carbon neutrality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 134347.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134347

[30] Zhong, L., Tang, J., Yang, R., Yan, H., Cai, Q., & Zhou, T. (2022). Changing the grain size of FeSiAl powders to improve corrosion resistance and wave absorbing property. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 558, 169524.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169524

[31] Zaki, A., Chai, H. K., Aggelis, D. G., & Alver, N. (2015). Non-destructive evaluation for corrosion monitoring in concrete: A review and capability of acoustic emission technique. Sensors, 15(8), 19069-19101.

DOI: 10.3390/s150819069

[32] Zhu, Y., Hu, B., Hu, T., Xia, D., Huang, Y., & Xu, Y. (2023). Probing and evaluating non-uniform corrosion behavior of pipe weldment using an array of coupled multi-ring form electrical resistance sensor. Measurement, 112479.

DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.112479

[33] Wang, F., Xue, X., Hua, J., Chen, Z., Huang, L., Wang, N., & Jin, J. (2022). Non-uniform corrosion influences on mechanical performances of stainless-clad bimetallic steel bars. Marine Structures, 86, 103276.

DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2022.103276

[34] Ouyang, J., & Gao, Y. (2022). Dense nanoarrays LDHs film evenly dividing the Cl− diffusion path into longitudinal microchannels in favor of quasi-uniform corrosion of biomedical magnesium alloys. Surface and Coatings Technology, 449, 128981.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128981

[35] Tan, X., Fan, L., Huang, Y., & Bao, Y. (2021). Detection, visualization, quantification, and warning of pipe corrosion using distributed fiber optic sensors. Automation in Construction, 132, 103953.

DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103953

[36] Li, J., Lin, B., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., & Tang, J. (2023). Study on pitting corrosion behavior and semi in-situ pitting corrosion growth model of 304 L SS with elastic stress in NaCl corrosion environment. Corrosion Science, 211, 110862.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110862

[37] Farfan-Cabrera, L. I., Rodríguez-Bravo, G. A., Godínez-Salcedo, J. G., Resendiz-Calderon, C. D., Salgado-Sviercovich, J. S., & Moreno-Ríos, M. (2021). A crevice corrosion assessment method for joints of mechanical components sealed with composite structure gaskets–The case of the engine cylinder head/mono-block joint. Engineering Failure Analysis, 119, 104981.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104981

[38] Prabhuraj, P., Rajakumar, S., Sonar, T., Ivanov, M., Rajkumar, I., & Raja, D. E. (2022). Effect of retrogression and reaging (RRA) on pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of stir zone of high strength AA7075-T651 alloy joined by friction stir welding. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2022.12.002

[39] Shang, B., Lei, L., Wang, X., He, P., Yuan, X., Dai, W., ... & Sun, Y. (2022). Effects of grain boundary characteristics changing with cold rolling deformation on intergranular corrosion resistance of 443 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel. Corrosion Communications, 8, 27-39. [40]

DOI: 10.1016/j.corcom.2022.07.002

[40] Guo, H., Wei, H., Li, G., & Sun, F. (2021). Experimental research on fatigue performance of butt welds of corroded Q690 high strength steel. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 184, 106801

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106801

[41] Chen, X., Chen, J., Zhan, D., Chen, S., Liang, J., & Wang, M. (2022). Microstructure evolution and strength-toughness matching mechanism of Fe-Cr-Ni gradient alloy steel prepared by direct laser deposition. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 856, 143931.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2022.143931

[42] Guillal, A., Seghier, M. E. A. B., Nourddine, A., Correia, J. A., Mustaffa, Z. B., & Trung, N. T. (2020). Probabilistic investigation on the reliability assessment of mid-and high-strength pipelines under corrosion and fracture conditions. Engineering Failure Analysis, 118, 104891.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104891

[43] Tong, K., Bai, X. L., Fan, Z. H., Cheng, L., Lyu, J. J., Han, X. L., & Qu, T. T. (2022). Analysis and investigation of the leakage failure on the shale gas gathering and transmission pipeline. Engineering Failure Analysis, 140, 106599.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106599

[44] Siciliano, F., Stalheim, D. G., & Gray, J. M. (2008, January). Modern high strength steels for oil and gas transmission pipelines. In International Pipeline Conference (Vol. 48593, pp.187-195).

DOI: 10.1115/ipc2008-64292

[45] Sharma, S. K., & Maheshwari, S. (2017). A review on welding of high strength oil and gas pipeline steels. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 38, 203-217.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2016.12.039

[46] Brahim, A.O., Belaidi, I., Khatir, S., Le Thanh, C., Mirjalili, S., & Wahab, M. A. (2023). Strength prediction of a steel pipe having a hemi-ellipsoidal corrosion defect repaired by GFRP composite patch using artificial neural network. Composite Structures, 304, 116299

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116299

[47] Ohaeri, E., Eduok, U., & Szpunar, J. (2018). Hydrogen related degradation in pipeline steel: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(31), 14584-14617.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.064

[48] Arzaghi, E., Chia, B. H., Abaei, M. M., Abbassi, R., & Garaniya, V. (2020). Pitting corrosion modelling of X80 steel utilized in offshore petroleum pipelines. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 141, 135-139.

DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.05.024

[49] Malíková, L., Doubek, P., Juhászová, T., Klusák, J., & Seitl, S. (2022). Interaction of a fatigue crack and a corrosion dimple in a high-strength steel specimen. Procedia Structural Integrity, 42, 1082-1089.

DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2022.12.137

[50] Guo, Y., Shao, Y., Gao, X., Li, T., Zhong, Y., & Luo, X. (2022). Corrosion fatigue crack growth of serviced API 5L X56 submarine pipeline. Ocean Engineering, 256, 111502.

DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111502

[51] Liu, L., & Case, R. (2022). The effect of H2S and NaCl concentration on hydrogen permeation in high strength low alloy carbon steel C110. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 57(2), 132-139.

DOI: 10.1080/1478422x.2021.1998956

[52] Liu, L., & Case, R. (2022). The influence of H2S on hydrogen absorption and sulfide stress cracking resistance of high strength low alloy carbon steel C110. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 99, 104418.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104418

[53] Zheng, Z., Shao, S., Xu, M., Ma, R., Du, A., Fan, Y., ... & Cao, X. (2023). Microstructure and properties of WC–Co cemented carbide/40Cr steel joints brazed at low–temperature with Ag–Cu–In–Ti filler alloy. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 111, 106092.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.106092

[54] Li, Y., Ding, S., Bai, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., ... & Yang, J. (2022). Corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of typical iron/nickel-based alloys in reductive supercritical water environments containing sulfides. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 187, 105599.

DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105599