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The asgrown bulk surfaces exhibit a smooth structure with a small ridging effect originating from the miscut of the seed crystals.
Layers, epitaxially grown on the chemically-mechanically polished qCface, nicely replicate the original crystal structure and show no sign of polytype mixing.
In both growth directions a ridge-like structure of the surface was observed.
Therefore, the surfaces such as {1-10-3} in 6H- and corresponding to the {1-10-2} surface in 4HSiC can be regarded as interesting candidates for the epitaxial growth mainly because of the natural step structure of the surface.
The as-grown surfaces exhibited smooth structure with steps originating from an unintentional small miscut of the seed indicating favorable conditions for crystal growth.

Atkins, Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1999). ].
Thompson, Industrial Inorganic Chemicals - Production and Uses, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, (1995). ].
Structure of anatase and rutile Table 1.
Rao, Mechanism of crystal structure transformations.
Heller, Chemistry and applications of photocatalytic oxidation of thin organic films, Acc.

HBPs have been widely used in tissue engineering because of their special topological structure.
From the initial direct polycondensation method and ring-opening polymerization method, new technologies such as click chemistry method, monomer coupling method and irradiation polymerization method gradually appeared.
Structure–property study of waterborne, polyurethane acrylate dispersions based on hyperbranched aliphatic polyester for UV-curable coatings.
The Structure and Properties of a Novel Hydroxyl‐Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer for Inhibiting Shale Hydration.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2012;81(3):278-83

The forming of the solar cell wire-sawing surface can effectively lower the surface reflectivity through upside down pyramidal structure using photoetching or chemistry etching [1].
Although upside down pyramidal structures have very good effect, but cost of photoetching is too high.
Its special microscopic tetrahedron structure makes etching in the similar upward to pyramidal structure in the [100] orientation silicon wafer, which makes incident light into pyramid side to form two or more incident for effectively reducing the reflectivity of solar cell [3].
A uniform pyramidal structure will be expected to have good optical properties [6].
Fig.1a shows durations of 30 min that pyramidal structure is regular and texturing surface is covered highly.

The result of XRD spectrum indicated that the calcined 9:1 powders at 600 0C was show the highest stoichiometry of indium tin oxide (In2Sn2O7) compound with a polycrystalline cubic structure.
For 1:1, the product was amorphous and some tin oxide structure (Sn3O4) correspond to XRD spectrum at 2θ as 32.890 (JCPDS file, 20 - 1293 ) occurred for 600 0C powders.
"Structure properties of indium tin oxide thin films prepared for application in solar cells" Materails Research Bulletin.
"Highly conducting and transparent spayed indium tin oxide "European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry.
"Morphology,structure and optical properties of sol - gel ITO thin films "Materials Science and Engineering B.

The changes in electron structure occurring due to the anionic substitution are studied using the optical methods.
The selenium substitution by tellurium induces chemical pressure and leads to a cubic single phase structure.
Influence of anionic substitution on the electronic structure is investigated by optical methods.
Borukhovich, Physics of materials and structures of superconducting and semiconductor spin electronics, Yekaterinburg, 2004
Penkalya, Essays on Crystal Chemistry, Khimiya, Leningrad, 1974 [in Russian]

According to the band structure and density of state calculated, they are conducting.
The ring of (CN)3 is common structure in some organic compound, such as melamine.
Although GGA functional has advantages in simulation of band structure, LDA functional is more suited for layered structures taken here.
No band gap could be observed in their band structures.
Chemistry Vol. (1995) 258, p. 114

Verification of grafting chemistry and mechanical strength, as well as swelling behaviors and surface morphologies of the HA-PEO hydrogels were analyzed by employing different x-linking molecular weights (MW) of PEO ranging from 1.7 to 5.0 kDa at a fixed low MW HA in the hydrogel network.
On the high C1s resolution (Fig. 1), while the HA sample demonstrated its typical chemical structures of C C O N * , C C O , * C OH , C N O * , C OH O * , O C O * � at the binding energies of�285.1, 286.5, 286.7, 287.9, 288.5 and 289.3 eV, respectively, the HA-PEO sample showed distinct ethylene oxide peak at the binding energy at 286.5 eV and reduced other peaks, indicating supplemental chemical grafting evidence between the thiolated PEO and HA.

The combination of data on the physical micro structure and local chemistry of the multi-phase products during and after processing will help to understand and derive thermodynamic and kinetic data on its formation.
The formation of these phases is governed by the temperature gradients and the local molten “salt” chemistry.
X-Ray Absorption near Edge Structure Analysis (XANES) to Determine Valence of Redox Active Elements in Slags X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis and extended X-ray absorption edge structure (EXAFS) have been important tools to identify glass-like structures and structures of poor crystallinity in slags [7, 8].
Angell: Glass structure by spectroscopy, Marcel Dekker Inc.
Rietveld 1969, A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures.

Chloride is the main factor of structure’s corrosion in the marine environment.
Polyurea is a high performance polyurethane elastomer, which has been used in corrosion resistant of marine engineering, chemical works and underground structures.
According to these, PAE polyurea is ideal for corrosion protection of marine structures.
The above conclusions can provide the basis for the application of PAE polyurea coating used in ocean engineering structures protection.
Amine chemistries for isocyanate-based coatings.