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The studies on the accidents in civil engineering showed that the factors involved in causation of the major failures most often involved human, organizational, and knowledge uncertainties [12-13].
In practice, the geotechnical engineers tend to ignore the minor failures.
Case histories of accidents and failures in civil engineering can be related to knowledge or information access and development [12].
Clayton: Managing Geotechnical Risk - Improving Productivity in UK Building and Construction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London (2001)
Essex: Geotechnical Baseline Reports for Construction: Suggested Guidelines, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, USA (2007).

Function Analysis and Evaluation of the Natural Light Environment in the Gymnasium Based on Value Engineering Theory Ying Liu1,2, a, Ge Yu1,b and Deming Liu 1,c 1School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China 2School of Art and Design, Jilin Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, 130118, China aly77428@yahoo.com.cn, byuge_hit@yeah.net, cldm4502331@126.com Key words: Value Engineering, Gymnasium, Natural Lighting Environment, Function Analysis, Function Evaluation.
Value Engineering (Value Engineering, referred to as VE), as a way of thinking, strives to obtain the cost of the necessary functions without damaging the reliability principles of the existing products to reduce the product cost [1].
Implementation of value engineering is the process of solution seeking the function as the core for the design of natural light environment within the stadium.
Therefore the earlier cost estimation in the design process is helpful for the radiation of the value engineering study.
References [1] Wang Naijing, The Value Engineering Conspectus, Beijing: Economic Science Press, (2006), p. 12–55(In Chinese) [2] Robert.B.Stewart, Qiu Wanhua, The Method Basis of Value Engineering, Beijing: China Machine Press, (2007), p. 100–128(In Chinese) [3] O'brien, J.J., Value Analysis in Design and Construction.

The area fracture criterion of Iso-line for mixed mode crack Sili Chen1,a，Tao Yu1,b，Jianjun Shi1,c，Jie Huang1,d，Kaihe Dong1,e 1School of architectural and civil engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110870, China achen1458@163.com, ba372468566@126.com, c shitailongbao@163.com, d176887878@qq.com e425353846@qq.com Keywords:mixed mode crack; area; fracture criterion；Iso-line 1Abstract:In practice, the crack in some engineering materials is often compound crack.
Therefore, it is important engineering significance to study on fracture problem.
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ,p63~69 (1984)
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, p27~37 (1982)

Study on seismic performance of raw-soil structure in China Yonghong Bu1, a, Yihong Wang1,b and Ye Yin2,c 1School of Civil Engineering, Chang’ an University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, 710061, China 2School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Eurasia University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, 710065, China abyh956@126.com, bwangyh@chd.edu.cn, cyiyi_0704@163.com Key words: Raw-soil Structure, Seismic Performance, Research Progress, Investigation, Experimental Study, Constructing Method, Norm and Standard.
Although there are many scientific and rational civil construction technology of raw-soil structure, but not considering seismic factor of the housing and most rural raw-soil structure is age-old, most existing raw-soil structure are more or less of the security risks.
Its construction and engineering practice were briefly described and the structure had some value to generalize in the drought areas in the literature 16.
References [1] Zengfeng Yan: Dynamic modeling of the indoor thermal and humidity environment in the adobe buildings. xi’an: Xi'AN University of Architecture and Technology, 2003(in Chinese) [2] Yucheng Shi, et al, in: Journal of Natural Disasters, 2003, 12(3):87-92(in Chinese) [3] Huijuan Wu, et al, in: Earthquake Resistant Engineering Retrofitting, 2004(5):1-5(in Chinese) [4] Working Group in Tonghai that belongs to the Second Research of Institute of Engineering Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences: Earthquake Engineering Research Report Series, third episode, Science Press.
Kunming University of Science & Technology, 2007(in Chinese) [7] Denren Ping, in: Construction in Town and Village, 1991(6):20-22(in Chinese) [8] Wen Pan, Xueli Ge, in: Earthquake Engineering, 1998(2) (in Chinese) [9] Xueli Ge, Lixin Zhu, in: Earthquake Engineering, 2001(1):43-48 (in Chinese) [10] Yihong Wang, in: China Civil Engineering Journal (Supplement 1), 2010, 43:462-467 (in Chinese) [11] Weihua Chang, in: Building Structure (Supplement), 2010, 40(S1):375-378(in Chinese) [12] Yihong Wang, in: Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2006, 26(4):469-484(in Chinese) [13] Zhong Tao, in: Earthquake Resistant Engineering Retrofitting, 2008, 30(1):90-93(in Chinese) [14] Yihong Wang, in: Conference Proceedings of the basic theory and application of 2005 National masonry structure and wall materials. 2005:33-37(in Chinese) [15] Jinsheng Huang, Zhong Tao, in: Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2008, 33(1):60-64(in Chinese) [16] Xin Hu, Tiegang

Research Review of Dynamic Characteristics of Saturated Sand Pebble Soil Shiyuan Wu1, a, Lin Zhu1,b 1 College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China ashywu@swpu.edu.cn, bshane311@163.com Keywords: Sand Pebble Soil, Constitutive Model, Dynamic Strength, Dynamic Deformation Abstract.
The method has been widely applied in engineering practices in North America.
As for sand pebble soil with different engineering characteristics, theoretic researches lag behind engineering practices.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2004).
Dingyi Xie, Jianming Zhang: China Civil Engineering Journal (1987).

Materials of Region’s main geological Engineering Conditions Topography.
Some major Engineering geological Problems in Shield Machine Scheme.
The major Engineering geological Problems in directional drilling Scheme.
Petroleum Engineering Construction 04(2005) [3] Yangkyun Kim.
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 16(2000) [8] X.

The Design of Blasting Demolition of the Reinforced Concrete Chimney Based on Complicated Conditions Chunli Zhang 1, a, Bo Wang2, b, Yanzhi Zhu 3, c 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhongyuan University of Technology, and School of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China 2School of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China 3School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhongyuan University of Technology, China achunli168@163.com, bwangbo@zzu.edu.cn, czhuyanzhi@126.com Keywords: reinforced concrete chimney; directional blasting; preliminary demolition; blasting vibration Abstract.
Combining with the engineering example, a few notes are introduced during the reinforced concrete chimney blasting design.
Based on a large number of similar engineering practices and =1.5×0.4=0.6 m, the cut heightis taken as 2.0m.
Engineering Blasting.
Engineering Blasting.

Nonlinear analysis of 220 kV power transmission tower and gradient optimization Zhang Xiaozhi1,a,Wang Xiaowei2,b* 1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, China 2Architecture Engineering College, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, China Email:azxzwgq@163.com, bdbdlwxw@126.com Keywords: optimizing the structure;SAP2000; Nonlinear analysis; dao heng ; Gradient optimization Abstract.To meet the needs of the economic development, the transmission power, which is the key part of Power transmission and transformation system engineering , needs to be improved on quality and quantity.
This article mainly uses SAP2000Nonlinear analysis of transmission tower after dao heng gradient optimization in engineering software thus reducing the consumption of steel and it can be used as a reference in a real project.
Then Setting up the models by using the engineering software dao heng iterative gradient optimization[3-4] ，to select the tower heavy light model，achieve the aim of efficient combustion.
Gradient optimization Dao heng full stress analysis software engineering software is adopted to establish the model of successive is optimized, find out the tower weighs the lightest tower root .
Gradient optimization results Number Positive slope(%) Positive root open(m) The side slope(%) Lateral root open(m) Tower of heavy(kg) 1 6.9 10.590 5.4 10.140 13374.9 2 7.0 10.620 5.5 10.170 13377.5 3 5.5 10.170 5.5 10.170 13502.0 4 7.0 10.620 7.0 10.620 13401.2 a)Final optimization results for the no. 1tower weight lightest for lateral root is not equal to the tower, according to the engineering experience ranging from root to open the construction difficulty will increase, and 4 range than root root open tower models such as open tower tower model 1 a 0.197% increase in weight so choose such as root tower model 4.

Joseph Stanley Hindustan University Department of Aeronautical Engineering Chennai-603103 Email: rsanthanakrishnan2@gmail.com Keywords: Sandwich Panels, Composite Materials, Design of Fixture, Stitching panels, and Stitched Foam Structure Abstract In recent years, sandwich structures have been considered as viable engineering constructions.
The use of composite structures in aerospace and civil structural applications have been increasing especially due to their extremely low weight that leads to reduction in the total weight , high flexural and corrosion resistance in addition to higher transverse shear stiffness.
In recent years, sandwich structures are considered as viable engineering constructions.

An engineering example of removing iron and manganese from underground waterYour Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Center use Helvetica (Arial) 14 Yu FULL First AuthorLi1, a, Yafeng FULL Second AuthorLi21, b and Last Author3,c 1 College of Environmental and Municipal EngineeringFull address of first author, Shenyang JianZhu University, Shenyang 110168, China including country 2Full address of second author, including country 3List all distinct addresses in the same way aemail,shiliuyedoudou@163.com, byafengli88@sina.comemail, cemail Keywords: underground water; remove ferrum and manganese; design parametersList the keywords covered in your paper.
Use water supply treatment engineering of Shenyang some water treatment plant as an example.
This water treatment plant treat the underground water as the source, and the processing capacity of water of this engineering is 105t/d.
It can provide experience for similar engineering.Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase.
Green: Removal of iron, manganese and nitrogen compounds from underground waters with diverse physical and chemical characteristics High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells ( Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water Protection and Purification, Technical University of Rzeszów, aleja Powstanców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland 19872007)