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AlN whiskers have been successfully synthesized by carbothermal reduction.
Others mechanisms have been proposed to describe the growth AlN whiskers by carbothermal reduction [14].
From the above thermodynamic calculations using published data [16], it can be concluded that in the presence of Ca-aluminates liquid phase, the reactions (5) and (6) can proceed consecutively at reaction temperatures, which are significantly lower than those that would be required in absence of CaCO3.
Steps on growing and on the top of an AlN crystals Conclusions The data presented and discussed along the present paper enable to draw the following conclusions: (1) The carbothermal reduction-nitridation of Al2O3-C-N2 system in the presence of CaCO3 occurs through a series of intermediate Ca-aluminates to form AlN
Schultze-Rhonhof: Thermochemical data of pure substances, second edition (Weinheim, Germany VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-6940, Weinheim 1993)

Data mining put more emphasis on discovering implicit knowledge in huge amounts of data and the scalability of the algorithm, and is a technology very close to the actual use, with high technical content, bigger implementation difficulty. 1.
The process of clustering: (1)Data preparation: including characteristics of standardization and dimension reduction
Description as follows: With N data points for a kind of {xi} (I = 1, 2...
[2] Boley D L．Principal direction divisive partitioning．Data Mining andKnowledge Discovery,1998，2(4)：325—344
(Eds．)Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining，AAAI Press／M IT Press，1996：95— 164 [4]Y.

Effect of Slit Inclusions in Drag Reduction of Flow over Cylinders Rohit Bhattacharya, Abouzar Moshfegh and Ahmad Jabbarzadeh* School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia * Corresponding author: ahmad.jabbarzadeh@sydney.edu.au Keywords: CFD, Lattice-Boltzmann, Drag reduction, Flow over slit cylinder Abstract.
The effect of slit size on drag reduction is studied and discussed in detail in the paper.
That work demonstrated that for a slit/diameter ratio of 0.16 approximately 13% reduction in the drag coefficient can be achieved.
Literature Cd Cd obtained by CFD Cd obtained by LBM 5.67 (Dinesh) [7] (Poiseuille Flow) 5.31 5.52 3.43 (Tuann et al) [8] (Free Flow) 5.31 5.52 The reported data indicate that the values of the drag coefficients obtained from LBM and CFD simulation are very close to prior works results.
Table 3: Drag coefficient and % reduction in comparison to slit free cylinder, calculated from CFD and LBM for various slit ratio and compared.

The results demonstrate that switching the operation of an office building HVAC system from CV to VPF will significantly enhance energy savings and CO2 reduction.
The office building selected for this energy-saving and CO2 reduction study is located in central Taiwan; it is rectangular with a foot-print of 33.5 m (length) by 33.2 m (width).
Each set of data is the average value of three successive monitoring data.
Significant CO2 reduction is observed in the VPF system as compared with the CV system.
The accumulated power consumption increases from 21,757 to 468,299 kWh (data not shown), and the reduction of accumulated CO2 emission increases from 0 to 44,186 kg/year (The emission factor for electricity = 0.623 kg CO2/kwh) for the VPF chilled water system.

Finally, the width reduction method was proposed to calculate the stiffness of beam after fire.
Multi function experimental furnace would be used in fire test, while the MIP board in data acquisition system.
This paper derived a method of stiffness calculation according to the width reduction method.
Section width reduction coefficient.
The section width reduction coefficient: (1) : The material strength reduction coefficient of unit (I, J)

Cu-supported on Acid-treated Sepiolite: Characterization and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO by Propene Yunfang Qi, Yang Li, Zhihao Zhang, Lisha Liu, Qing Ye*, Dao Wang Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China a E-mail address: yeqing@bjut.edu.cn Keywords: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Propylene; sepiolite; Cu Abstract.
Selective catalytic reduction with hydrocarbons is one of the most extended and efficient commercial DeNOx processes for nitric oxide removal from stationary sources.
Reports on a large number of catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) have appeared since 1990, being the majority of these catalysts ion exchanged zeolites [1].
The pattern of the H2-TPR spectra of Cu/H-Sep was decomposed in three peaks with temperature at ca. 220, 260 and 440 oC, corresponding to the multiple reduction of Cu2+ and Cu+ species.
Catalyst Surf.area (m2/g) CuO cry. size (nm) a Cu2O cry. size (nm) b The peaks of H2-TPR Tmax (oC)/ NO conv. (%) Sep 57.6 - - - - H-Sep 110.7 - - - - Cu /H-Sep 97.9 25.5 15.8 200/260/440 352/52 a The data were estimated according to the Scherrer equation using the FWHM of the (111) line for CuO b The data were estimated according to the Scherrer equation using the FWHM of the (111) line for Cu2O Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21277008 and 20777005), Beijing City Board of Education Science and Technology Development Program (KM2013100050010) and the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges Under Beijing Municipality (IDHT20140504).

In these approaches, data analysis is a key issue.
Materials Description of the relevant data sets.
Data set 1.
Data set 2.
Calculations with simulated data.

An Investigation of Environmental Reduction Factor for GFRP Bar Used As Concrete Reinforcement in China Jianwei Huang 1767 Hermitage Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA jhuang.oc@gmail.com Keywords: Concrete, Durability, GFRP, Glass Fiber, Polymer, Reinforcement, Temperature Abstract: Currently, an environmental reduction factor (ERF) is incorporated in design codes/guidelines of Fiber Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) in reinforced concrete (RC) structures to account for the FRP long-term durability.
Due to the lack of real time durability data, justification of the ERF is still necessitated.
In the lack of real time durability data, accelerated ageing test was adopted to acquire the short-term ageing data, which is utilized to evaluate and predict GFRP long-term performance based on assumption that the Arrhenius time temperature relationship is valid for the whole temperature range considered [e.g. 2,12].
Huang (2011b) investigated the combined effects of 20% sustained load and environmental effects on GFRP durability in moist concrete, which showed a significant reduction in GFRP tensile strength [8].
For example, it would take 0.54 month at 20°C to give the same tensile strength reduction with that in April (1 month) in Beijing (13.1°C).

The so-called shear strength reduction method is for an ideal elastic-plastic finite element system and is such a process, in which the shear strength parameters of the sliding mass are gradually decreased by a varying reduction coefficient, until the system achieves an unstable state and the finite element static analysis is not convergence, and the strength reduction factor at the situation is the safety factor we want [4, 5].
Where, F is reduction coefficient or safety factor.
Through the test a lot of data were obtained.
The foundation parameters are from geological exploration data, and they are listed in Fig.3.
The calculation model for strength reduction method is shown in Fig.3 (The grade of side slope was determined as 1:1.5.

Properties of Carbide-Metal Cermets Prepared from Composite Powders by Direct Reduction and Carburization Process L.
The carbothermal condition was greatly improved by the direct reduction and carburization process.
Ultrafine TaC-Co powder is prepared by spray-drying and reduction/carburization process in a non-oxidizing atmosphere [10].
The test data of Rockwell hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) are shown in Table 1.
Conclusions (1) The present work demonstrates a powerful and simple process - direct reduction and carburization process for manufacturing carbide-metal composite powders.