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KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(6): 845 – 853, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0648-9 [8] P.
International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 5(12): 804 – 810, 2012. https://waset.org/publications/2341/behaviour-of-masonry-wall-constructed-using-interlocking-soil-cement-bricks
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering (IJCEE-IJENS) Vol: 13 No: 03: 56 – 62, 2013
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET).
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16 (1): 95- 98, 2004

It is shown that underground engineering can be significantly enhanced through the use of expert systems.
Computer-aided engineering design is increasingly using new information technologies based on expert systems.
This specificity of underground structure design engineering calls for a new type of expert systems [13].
Such expert systems will facilitate the engineering process and help determine optimum parameters of underground construction technologies and operation of underground structures and will create prerequisites for the full stepwise automation of underground structure engineering process.
In the Russian Federation, neither Civil Code nor Natural Resources Law governs relations between interested parties in the case of underground structures built and used by private companies.

Soil Nailing Optimization Design of Foundation Pit Based on Response Surface of SVM Technology Tian Liu1,a, Jing Cao1,b, Haiming Liu1,c and Huimin Zhao1,d 1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China a819287562@qq.com, bcjlb117@sina.com, chmliu@kmust.edu.cn, d374389591@qq.com Corresponding author: Cao Jing (1966-), Male, Hmong, Doctor, Professor, mainly engaged in researching of Environmental Geotechnical Engineering.
So it has been widely used in housing building, municipal engineering, transportation, ports, water conservancy and hydropower, mining, civil air defense, national defense, and other engineering fields [1].
Combining with an engineering example of foundation pit in Kunming, a soil nail optimization model is built up.
Foundation pit engineering handbook(second edition).
Proceedings of the eleventh international symposium on structural engineering, 2010,volume II: 1271-1276.

Study on Determination Method for Parameters of Rock’s Shear Strength Through Least Absolute Linear Regression Based on Symmetric Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Bin Lin1,a Zhibo Chen1,b Qing Fang1,c 1The School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, AnHui University of Science and Technology, HuaiNan, AnHui, 232001,China a linbin8910@163.com, b 370763458@qq.com, c 283868166@qq.com Keywords: Rock’s shear strength; Symmetric triangular fuzzy numbers; Least absolute linear regression; Parameter fitting.
Finally, the analysis of practical engineering computation and comparison to other methods shows that the new method is reasonable.
Introduction The parameters of rock’s shear strength, the cohesion c and the internal frictional angle φ, are two significant mechanics parameter in geotechnical engineering design and calculation, ordinary, the parameters are determined by rock shear test.
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering， 2005,24(2):547-552
Study on determining method for parameters of rock’s shear strength based on asymmetric triangular fuzzy numbers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering ,2007,26(7),1340-1347

Settlement of Foundations Located on Compacted Soil for TMM Projects Masoud Oulapour1,a 1Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran aoulapour_m@scu.ac.ir Key Words: Infiltration, Compacted Backfill, Energy, Settlement, Maskan e Mehr Abstract.
M., and Gardner, W., 1990, "Hydrocompression Settlement of Deep Fills," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 116, No. !
W., 1987, "Volume Change of Compacted Clay Fill," The Institute of Civil Engineers
J., 1988, "Prediction of Field Collapse of Soils Due to Wetting," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114,No. 1, pp. 40-58
D., 1992, "Review of Wetting- Induced Collapse in Compacted Soil," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. 9, pp. 1376-1394

Research status and Prospect of Concrete acoustic emission technology Qing Zhang 1, a Yang Zhang 2 1 College of Civil Engineering, Jilin Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute, Changchun, Jilin, 130000 2 Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun, Jilin, 130000 axqaixy@126.com Keywords: concrete; acoustic emission technology; Kaiser Effect Abstract.
Reference [6] established the relation equation of acoustic emission event rate and the concrete material’s stress and strain parameter through coupling constitutive model, which can make use of the stress level of the concrete to judge the acoustic emission event rate of the concrete, however, the use effect of the equation will need more experiments and practical engineering to test.
However, the sound emission technology of the concrete need to take further and deeper research form the practical theory of the testing person and work for the actual engineering, the study of the sound emission technology of the concrete should be improved from the following aspects, to make it form the norm and adopted by the engineering technical personnel: The research environment should convert to the practical engineering The research of sound emission technology of the concrete were mostly done in the laboratory, take the concrete member to take monopodium tension, compression or bending damage test, and got the sound emission data curve of the concrete material.
The researchers should adopt many ways to get rid of the noise of the concrete sound emission signals, and compare which one is will eliminate the noise effectively, the curve after noise reduction would truly reflect the stress effect of the real constructions, and can establish the computer software programme by the results and provide service for the actual engineering data.
Chinese Journal of rock mechanics and Engineering, 2003.

Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Kwang-Hua Fund for College of Civil Engineering of Tongji University, Program for Young Excellent Talents in Tongji University(2010KJ046) and the project "Research on Key Technologies of Soil Site Protection" of National 11th Five-year Plan of China (2006BAK30B02).
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 1995,28(3): 145-165
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2005,23(3): 297-308
Engineering Structures. 2004,26(5): 553-565
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2005,38(5): 345-372

Evaluation of the Bearing Capacity of the Concrete Pier Exposed to the Freeze-Thaw Cycles Ziyu Li1, a 1 School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China asteffenlzy@sina.cn Keywords: Bearing capacity, Freeze-thaw cycles, Concrete pier, Load, Effective depth of freeze-thaw.
The civil engineers do not have any other choice often, but makes the judgment of whether or not the piers need repairing according to their surface observation and engineering experience.
It is suggested that engineers can refer to the book of [6] and searching tables.
A suggestion for engineers is to build a database ofby a lot of experiment and draw the engineering figures in order to choose the value conveniently.
The reasonable method is building a database of the stress magnification factor by a lot of experiment and drawing the engineering figures for engineers to choose the value conveniently.

Analysis of factors affecting green residential building costs based on fuzzy factor analysis model Lianfa Ruan1,a, Changquan Gu2,b 1Institute of Construction Management, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058 alianfa@zju.edu.cn, b21012184@zju.edu.cn Keywords: FFAM; Green residential building; Common factors; Construction cost.
More detaily, 55 questionnaires were sent to related scholars in seven different universities, 29 of them responded and the response rate is 52.73%; 62 emplyees of residential developers (including architects, civil engineers, cost estimators etc.) were also selected as respondents and 41.94% of them responded; Besides, other 62 questionaires were mailed to designers and contractors, and response rate of them are respectively 19.05% and 46.34%.
Engineering Construction Architecture (1999) [9] Akintola Akintoye, Analysis of factors influencing project cost estimating practice.
Construction Management and Economics (2000) [10] Li Dan, An application research of fuzzy factor analysis method in medical expenses statistic (2007) [11] Ye Gui, Ren Hong, Wang Hongxia, A fuzzy factor analysis model for factors affecting the safety cost of enterprises, CHINA CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 2011, 44(4) [12] Horia F.Pop, Principle components analysis based on a fuzzy sets approach.

Therefore information is needed for architects and engineers on the availability and reliability of the investigation techniques, which should be used taking into account limits and benefits, always compared to the cost.
Organization of the Study and Civil Importance The knowledge of the health state of ancient buildings has a big importance for the maintenance and tutelage of historical structures.
Both these aspects, conducted via nondestructive techniques, are of great importance from the point of view of the extendibility to other structures and engineering fields.
Engineering Structures, 19(9), 718-723
Engineering Structures, 28, 1803-1815