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In this method, firstly, we analyses the effect of uncertain factors in design variables and design parameters on the objective function and constraints, then calculate maximum variations of objective function and constraints.
One serious problem in these systems is the inconsistent performance due to uncontrollable variation existing in the real-world, including manufacturing operations, variations in material properties and the operating environment[1].
Spindle is one of the important parts of machine tool, its performance directly affects the machine tool's efficiency and longevity[7].A simplified machine tool spindle is shown in Fig.1.
As can be seen from table.1,because traditional method doesn't consider the effect of uncertain factors on objective function and constraint conditions, Its optimization solution are better than other three methods.
Zhang: Ronustness of design through minimum sensitivity, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol.114 (1992), p.213-217

Because the loading system was complicated in structure and some other factors, the control performance was not ideal.
The system not only has strong nonlinear and time-varying property, but also has problems such as pressure interference with speed and torque.
It is inevitable to ignore some factors when establish the system model, so the model is uncertainty.
The robust compensator is composed of return-to-zero factor and low pass filter.
The figures show that the speed was overshot and lagged by changes of and and the affect was eliminated by using the robust compensation, but the torque was immune.

A356.0 is a very common material for many aerospace and manufacturing purposes developed in sand and permanent molds[1] and yields excellent properties even for pressure tight castings.
The riser calculations were initially made using the casting modulus[12] method with a multiplying factor of 1.2 and later on changed by using the thermal[10] modulus for better feeding and minimizing the risk factor for shrinkage.
Rooy, Aluminum alloy castings: properties, processes, and applications: ASM International, 2004
Nguyen, "Identification of critical factors affecting shrinkage porosity in permanent mold casting using numerical simulations based on design of experiments," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, pp. 1209-1219, 2009
Quaresma, Amauri Garcia, "Melt characteristics and solidification growth direction with respect to gravity affecting the interfacial heat transfer coefficient of chill castings," Materials and Design, pp. 3592–3601, 2009

In order to find out the influence trend and the impact factor of different process parameters for die-roll of gear shape and smooth-shear surface, the forming process to characteristics of FPG fine-blanking that based on fine-blanking theory was simulated by using Deform-3D.
The material thickness is 4.0mm, the mechanical properties is shown in Table 2.
Fig. 1 Seat adjusting mechanism Table 1 The geometric parameters of gear Modulus[mm] Tooth number Pressure Angle [°] Tooth high [mm] 2.25 31 0 3.8 Table 2 SAE1020 mechanical properties Tensile strength [Mpa] Yield strength [MPa] Elongation[%] Hardness[HB] 440 346 35.8 116 The finite element simulation took Deform - 3D model and the blank was meshed for 50000 units.
Following the constant volume condition, the material formed by punch should be ideally equal to the material filled with the cavity in order to ensure the integrity shape of gear, otherwise forming performance would be affected.
Compressive load increased as the friction factor increased.

Dynamic shear strength is an important mechanical property of loess.
The physical properties indicators of soil sample are shown in Table 1.
The shear strength is one of the main mechanical properties of soil, is the important component of soil mechanics.
This means that moisture content of loess is also one of the affecting factors of soil strength.
This indicated that plasticity index of loess is also one of the affecting factors of dynamic strength.

The degradation of the connection between shear studs and concrete is a complicated phenomenon that depends on many factors, including; interfacial properties, concrete crushing and steel yielding.
The influence of steel roughness and mechanical properties will be included.
Research has shown that the behaviour of materials, such as concrete, is strongly influenced by their material and geometric properties of components at the mesoscopic level.
Including these three phases and the steel section covers all the factors that contribute to bond response outlined by Daoud et al. (8).
Having the set up on both sides ensures that at least one gauge system will not be affected by this for each stud.

The use of pulsed current parameters has been found to improve the mechanical properties of the welds compared to those of continuous current welds of this alloy.
An Influence of process parameters and their influence on mechanical properties are explained in detail in light of microstructural details. 1.
Kumar and Sunderaraj [10] studied the optimization of pulsed TIG welding process parameters on mechanical properties of AA5456 aluminum alloy weldments.
These two factors are playing the role in bringing down the strength of HAZ.
Sundarajan, Optimization of Pulsed TIG Welding Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of AA5456 Aluminium Alloy Weldments, Materials and Design 30 (2009) 1288-1297

The specific DMLS process conditions lead to a specific and complex microstructure and to mechanical properties that show a degree of directionality.
Highly dense DMLS titanium alloys possess mechanical properties comparable to that of the alloys manufactured conventionally [4].
Titanium alloys, and in particular Ti6Al4V alloy, have a wide range of applications including the automotive, aerospace, medical, and the chemical industries, thanks to their high specific strength to density ratio and excellent mechanical properties [5].
Lütjering, Influence of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of (α+β) titanium alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A 243 (1998) 32–45
Stucker, Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V parts fabricated by selective laser melting and electron beam melting, J.

In order to extract the crack signal of the imbalance-crack coupling fault, and realize the fault diagnosis, the paper mainly analyzes its mechanical properties, and then use wavelet packet to de-nosing, decomposing and reconstructing the acquisition of vibration acceleration signal, and then analyzing the characteristics of frequency domain of the fault signal by using the energy spectrum.
If it is the normally open crack, the stiffness matrix of crack-axis can be written as follows: = (4) Mechanical model.
Rotor rotating machinery due to the influence of mass distribution of materials (such as sand holes or stomata in casting), processing errors, assembly factors and the operation of the uneven wear, erosion or deposition and other factors, or a certain fixed parts imbalance caused by loose parts, resulting in some eccentricity between the center of mass and the center of rotation.
Unbalance mechanical, including static imbalance and dynamic imbalance.
(R / min).Affect the vibration of the imbalance has three main factors, that is, the quality of the rotor m, eccentricity e and rotor omega angular velocity.

That automobile steering system are designed to suitable or not have a direct impact on vehicle safety, handling stability and driving comfort.The rotary valve of hydraulic power assisted steering system is one of the key components which affects the automotive steering performance.
Design a reasonable spool valve in size can allow the car to get good properties .
No matter HPS or EHPS rely on the rotary valve's properties mainly.
(2)Practice has proved that through the production and use of this method to design rotary valve ,it's sensitivity properties coincide with the actual sensitivity curve higher than by the traditional method (3)The method used for automobile valve to simulate the design, not only improved the precision of the design and shorten the design cycle, but also reduce production costs.
[2] N.F.Zhang:Drive System Technique,Vol.1(2007),pp.9-13 [3] N.F.Zhang:Practical examples of mechanical design and programming.