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Introduction Magnesium alloys have become promising materials saving structural weight and consequently reducing fuel consumption for transportation industry due to being the lightest metal for structural applications.
Materials and Methods Finite element model The Sketch of Die and Magnesium Alloy Billets is shown in Fig.1.
In this study, the material properties for the alloy was given in Table 1.
References [1] Bettles, C.J. and Gibson, M.A.: Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Vol. 57(2005), p. 46-49 [2] Ertürk, S., Steglich, D., Bohlen, J., Letzig, D. and Brocks, W.,: submitted to International Journal of Material Forming(2008)
[4] Spigarelli, S. et al.: Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol 462(2007),p197-201 [5] Lapovok, R.Y., Barnett, M.R. and Davies, C.H.J.: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol 146(2004),p408-414

The materials used in the journal are lean duplex stainless steel of grade EN 1.4162.
International journals of innovative research in science 2013; Vol.4, Issue 4
Material properties of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel sections.
International journals of innovative research in science 2014; Vol.4, Issue 2
International journals of innovative research in science 2015;96:105-119

Optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in machining of GFRP composites with graphite/fly ash filler. in Procedia Materials Science. 2014
Fuzzy logic modeling and multiple performance optimization in turning GFRP composites using desirability function analysis. in Procedia materials science. 2014
Ahmed: Journal of materials processing technology.Vol. 172 (2006), p. 299-304
Sharma: Bulletin of Materials Science.Vol. 37 (2014), p. 327-335
Celik: Materials Characterization.Vol. 150 (2019), p. 1-7

Silicate solution is added for the purpose of providing Si ions that are helpful in activating the precursor of a geopolymer material and to increase the dissolution process of the starting raw materials.
Chaudhary, Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors influencing its development: a review, Journal of Materials Science 42 (2007) 729–746
Panias, Polymerization in sodium silicate solutions: a fundamental process in geopolymerization technology, Journal of Materials Science 44 (2009) 3719–3730
Amigó-Borrás, The effect of temperature on the geopolymerization process of a metakaolin-based geopolymer, Materials Letters 65 (2011) 995–998
Mohammed, The effect of curing time on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks, Advanced Materials Research 626 (2012) 937–941.

For materials possessing granular structure, it is found that the classical theory of elasticity is inadequate to represent the complete deformation.
Gogna, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97 (1995) 822-830
Tomar, Monika Garg, International Journal of Engineering Science. 43 (2005) 139-169
Tomar, International Journal of Solids and Structures. 45 (2008) 225-244
Zhang, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 27 3 (2006) 970-993

Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 10(14), (2011), 1345-1357
International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 5(4), (2020), 2455-2143
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 715, (2018), 62-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.099 [5] Wang, C.
Material Science and Engineering: A, 814, (2021), 141212
Procedia Materials Science, 6, (2014), 1455- 1469. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.125

Study of Back Electromotive Force in the Preparation of Al-Ca Alloy by Molten Salt Electrolysis Method Yiyong Wanga, Hui Jinb,Fayu Wuc, Jidong Li and Zhiying Wang School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning， Anshan，Liaoning , 114051，China awangyiyongfly@gmail.com, b hui313@163.com, c fayuwu@gmail.com Keywords: back electromotive force, molten salt electrolysis, current density, feeding period Abstract.
References [1] Jidong Li, Mingjie Zhang, Tingan Zhang: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, Vol. 18 (2008), p.1555.
(in Chinese) [2] Shaohua Yang, Yungang Ban, Yuhua Guo: Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), Vol. 8(207), p. 839.
[4] Yong Yang, Yongcheng Chai, Guochun Teng: Journal of Materials and Metallurgy, Vol. 9(2010), p.97
[5] James P Hoare, Charles R W: Corrosion Science, Vol. 15 (1975), p. 435

[4] Cui, W., Qin, G., Duan, J., and Wang, H., Materials Science and Engineering: C, 71 (2017), 520-528
K., Bhat, A., Bose, S., and Bandyopadhyay, A., Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 6 (2012), 9-20
[17] Shahriari, A. and Aghajani, H., Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25(10), (2016), 4369-4382
[25] Vidakis, N., Antoniadis, A., and Bilalis, N., Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 143 (2003), 481-485
[28] Besra, L. and Liu, M., Progress in materials science, 52(1), (2007), 1-61

To stabilize means to convert to a solid, hard, non-flowable mass or a solid and inert particulate material which resists common solvents and retains the materials contained therein, when subjected to leaching conditions [6].
Materials and Methods The oily sludge of petroleum used in this study was collected from the bottom of the storage of an oil refinery tank.
Spence: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 34 (2005), p. 391
LIM: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 150 (2008), p. 413
Pandey: Journal of Hazardous Materials (2012), p. 56.

Acknowledgement This paper was fully supported by Materials Science Lab, Physics Department, University of Yangon, Myanmar (2011-2012).
Poopalan: World Academy of science, Engineering and Technology Vol.57 (2011), P.14 [2] T.
Akine, Z lin: Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 (2010), P.5945 [6] M.
Roman: Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol.45 (2006), P.184 [10] A.T.
Lang c: Journal of Materials Research Vol.14 (8) (1993), p.3303