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Sample damage was minimized as only scan was necessary to acquire all the measurement data.
All the data recorded by the stylus was digitized and stored for further processing before being displayed graphically.
A similar reduction in the nickel concentration of bias sputtered has been observed in nickel-iron films by Collins et al [10].
They also proposed that the reductions observed were due to the higher sputtering yield of nickel compared with that of other elements in the alloys.
They observed a marked reduction of magnetoresistance ratio from 3.1 % to 1.6 % when the composition of Ni in Fe changes from 82% to 60 %.

In the face of fierce market competition, many enterprises will be low cost as the core competence, which requires enterprises maximize cost reduction.
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SiC-AlN alloys were often produced by the carbothermal reduction of Silica and Alumina at above 2100 o C for long time[3-5].
Next, AlN vapor is deposited onto the surface of SiC grains and the AlN particle accompanied with reduction in the its size.
Not only the concentration of AlN was increased in proportion as the higher AlN content, but the reduction in SiC content would result in the decrease the concentration of SiC and the surface area of SiC grains.
AlN contents 0 10 20 30 40 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.1 5 10 15 Lattice parameter (A) AlN content(wt%) Solubility (%) Vegard's law Measuring data of a axis Solubility o Fig 2 The ELLS and microstructure photograph of SiC-AlN composites The more content of AlN, the higher density of SiC-AlN composites is, as shown in Fig.3.
Each data point shows an average of at least three valid testing bars.

To understand the nature of the anelastic phenomena evidenced by IF measurements, the same experiments have been carried out also on another set of samples subjected to cold-rolling with thickness reduction of 15 %.
B A To identify the physical phenomenon responsible for the relaxation peak observed in present experiments, its activation energy H and pre-exponential factor t0 have been compared with specific literature data.
Similar data are reported by Chambers et al. [15]; b) the β peak (H » 63.5 kJ mol-1, t0 is not reported ) [16] is accounted for dislocation interaction with intrinsic point defects; c) the γ peaks have been also observed in the range 620-680 K with resonance frequencies in the range of 1.3 - 1.6 Hz [17-18] and attributed to kink pair formation in screw dislocations.
Optical microscopy shows that heating for 1 hour at 873 K induces some grain growth (fig. 5a) and porosity reduction which leads to modulus increase according to eq.(4).
In addition, microstructure and properties of the tungsten with higher porosity (9 %) are not stable following heating up to 773 K because of the reduction of porosity and a moderate recovery of defective structures.

Moreover, considering the temperature dependence of the rc, a reduction of the Schottky barrier height was demonstrated using the thermoionic field emission model.
Preliminary data on the impact of the different post-implantation annealing conditions on the 4H-SiC MOSFETs parameters are discussed.
The experimental data reported in Fig. 2 were fitted using the Thermoionic Field Emission (TFE) model [[] F.
This reduction is consistent with the observed improved specific contact resistance, and can be correlated with structural differences of the interfacial region, already described elsewhere [6].
These electrical and morphological improvements are correlated with a reduction of the Schottky barrier height, which could be justified by different inhomogeneous interfaces.

Since proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) demand a stable hydrogen flow at approximate pressure 0.16MPa, pressure reduction becomes inevitable.
Hydrogen pressure reduction is fulfilled by valve 6 and 7, the high pressure reduced valve and the secondary reduced valve.
This double step reduction system can provide pressure accurate controlled hydrogen flow to the fuel cell and drive a car.
Tests of the Reducing Control System Data in Table 1 is the result of the analogue experiment on nitrogen.
Table 1 the Analogue Experiment Data (the setting pressure is 4MPa and 0.6MPa) supply tube dia. the first inlet valve pressure (psi) 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 (MPa) 27.6 24.1 20.7 7.2 3.8 10.3 φ3 (mm) First outlet (MPa) 4.65 4.32 4.08 3.9 3.65 3.44 Secondary outlet (MPa) 0.75 0.69 0.64 0.61 0.56 0.51 φ4 (mm) First outlet (MPa) 4.55 4.26 4.04 3.84 3.63 3.45 Secondary outlet (MPa) 0.73 0.69 0.64 0.61 0.56 0.52 The Conclusions On-board high pressured hydrogen transmission system requires a stable accurate and quick responding reducing control.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges Gangjin Li1, a, Wenhua Zhang2,b 1State Key Lab. of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2Bridge Department of the Forth Survey and Design of China Railways, Wuhan, China aligangjin87@gmail.com, bwenhuazh66@126.com Keywords: long span cable-stayed bridges; seismic vulnerability Abstract.
Table1 Seismic criterion for Wangdong Bridge Earthquake levels Structural performance requirements E1: return periods 425 years Strcture remains elastic during the earthquake; keep open to traffic without the need of repair after the earthquake E2: return periods 2000 years Tiny crack in the pylon needless to repair; partial damage in piers; connection components such as bearings in working order, and all other components undamaged Table2 Check indices for Wangdong Bridge Components Earthquake levels E1 E2 Cable, girder / Check the stress Piers Check stress Check the strength capacity (considering force reduction) Pile foundations, tower and pier Check stress Check the strength capacity Seismic vulnerable components selection.
A large number of earthquake damage data and seismic performance study of cable-stayed bridges show that piers and pylons are vulnerable components [5].
Finally, get the seismic vulnerable components in terms of the structural response data.
Also, Table 4 shows that the minimum longitudinal bending moment C/D ratio 1.08 of pylons occurs in the section under the crossing point of the beam and the south tower, that minimum transverse bending moment C/D ratio 1.04 of pylons occurs in the bottom section of the south pylon, and that the minimum bending moment C/D ratio 1.69 and 1.02 without force reduction occurs in the bottom section of pier2 and pier1 respectively.

In the case when the surface reconstruction leads to a reduction of the gap, HOMO and LUMO states (where HOMO/LUMO is the highest occupied/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) are usually localized on the reconstructed surfaces.
Thus, we fit the PBE data with the function E(d) = 1.41 + A/dB (d in nm, energy in eV) finding A = 2.7386, B = 1.3722 (black curve in Fig. 2(b)), furthermore we could nicely reproduce the optical gap for small SiC NCs by adding 1.0 eV to this function (red dotted curve in Fig. 2(b)).
Indeed, our extrapolated value for the optical gap at d=3.9 nm agrees nicely with the experimental data.
We found a strong reduction of the optical gap for the small reconstructed SiC NCs.
Further investigation is needed to find the reason of the large reduction of the optical gap in that experiment.

This study concluded that the addition of relatively small quantities of a derivative of DBS lead to reduced space charges and a reduction in the size and number of spherulites.
The SANS Data was processed, including radially averaging, using the COLETTE Software.
Due to limited beam time we were only able to obtain data at the selected temperatures as shown in Figure 8.
In the case of the curves for 1% DBS/DPE there is marked reduction in the scattered intensity between 90C and 150°C.
The rapidly reducing nucleation efficiency of DBS above 120°C reported by Vaughan and Hosier [11] we attribute to the reduction in the volume fraction of DBS fibrils present in the sample and available to act as nucleants.

Dependencies between the initial characteristics of a metal and characteristics, formed during the drawing, proceeding only from the data about standard mechanical characteristics, chemical composition, microstructure, etc., have not found adequate consideration in the literature and periodicals.
Route parameters Input parameter of the wire rod, [mm] Drawing velocity, [m/s] No. of the block 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Route No.1 Diameter of the wire, mm 5.5 8…14 4.68 3.99 3.42 2.95 2.56 2.24 1.98 Reduction, % 27.6 27.31 26.53 25.60 24.69 23.44 21.87 Die angle, degrees 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Route No.2 Diameter of the wire, mm 5.5 8…14 4.76 4.17 3.68 3.28 2.95 2.69 2.48 Reduction, % 25.1 23.25 22.12 20.56 19.11 16.85 15.00 Die angle, degrees 12 12 12 12 12 9 12 Table 2.
Route parameters Input parameter of the wire rod, [mm] Drawing velocity, [m/s] No. of the block 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Route No.1 Diameter of the wire, mm 2.48 10…14 2.26 2.07 1.90 1.77 1.66 1.57 Reduction, % 16.95 16.11 15.75 13.22 12.04 10.55 Die angle, degrees 12 9 9 9 9 9 Route No.2 Diameter of the wire, mm 2.48 12…18 2,22 1,99 1,79 1,64 1,50 1,39 1,30 1,23 1,17 Reduction, % 21,15 19,65 19,09 16,06 16,34 14,13 12,53 10,48 9,52 Die angle, degrees 12 12 12 9 9 12 9 9 9 Route No.3 Diameter of the wire, mm 1.98 17…20 1.78 1.6 1.46 1.34 1.24 1.15 1.08 1.03 0.98 Reduction, % 20.79 19.20 16.37 15.76 14.37 13.99 11.80 9.04 9.47 Die angle, degrees 12 12 9 12 9 9 9 9 9 Route No.4 Diameter of the wire, mm 1.98 20…24 1.73 1.52 1.34 1.19 1.07 0.98 0.9 0.83 0.77 Reduction, % 25.18 22.80 22.28 21.14 19.15 16.11 15.66 14.95 13.94 Die angle, degrees 12 12 9 12 12 9 9 9 9 Route No.5 Diameter of the wire, mm 1.98 12…18 1.79 1.64 1.50 1.39 1.30 1.23 1.17 Reduction, % 18.27 16.06 16.34 14.13
Statistical processing of the obtained data revealed characteristic approximating functions of the parameters from the specimen drawing ratio.
(6) where is value of hardening index for , i.e. for 2.71-time reduction of the initial cross-sectional area, – the value of hardening index for .