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Online since: January 2005
Authors: V. Voyevodin, O. Borodin, N. Akasaka, S. Onose, V. Bryk, I.M. Neklyudov
Formation of clouds from boron atoms around
dislocation loops accompanied with relaxation of elastic stress fields, reduces bias factor of
dislocations, that in turn promotes recombination increasing and as result- swelling reduction [3].
Possible mechanisms of REA additives are-decreasing of bias factor due to formation of Cottrell atmosphere on dislocation components, trapping by impurity interstitials atoms, formation of the centers of variable polarity etc renders influence both on reduction of void number density as on void size [4].
Possible mechanisms of such phosphides dissolution is a suppression the inflow of phosphorus into the phosphides precipitates as result of the interstitial concentration reduction.
Neutron data on steels with REA exist only up to 60 dpa, but simulation results showed high swelling resistance to commercial needed doses.
It achieved by reduction as void number density as well their size.
Possible mechanisms of REA additives are-decreasing of bias factor due to formation of Cottrell atmosphere on dislocation components, trapping by impurity interstitials atoms, formation of the centers of variable polarity etc renders influence both on reduction of void number density as on void size [4].
Possible mechanisms of such phosphides dissolution is a suppression the inflow of phosphorus into the phosphides precipitates as result of the interstitial concentration reduction.
Neutron data on steels with REA exist only up to 60 dpa, but simulation results showed high swelling resistance to commercial needed doses.
It achieved by reduction as void number density as well their size.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Jiří Zach, Jitka Hroudová, Martin Sedlmajer, Vítězslav Novák
Introduction
Two basic principles can be applied on building constructions as protection from water and humidity negative effects [1, 2]:
Indirect water-proofing principles – minimisation/reduction of construction moisture load by for instance placement of the object in optimal environment drainage of the adjacent environment to the object, increase of construction surface temperature etc.
In selected time intervals each shaped piece was weighed and from the weighing data the amount of water absorbed in the shaped piece in given time was set.
When the application of hydrophobisation preparations no. 2 and 3 were compared with the reference -not hydrophobised shaped piece, certain reduction of absorptivity was noted, however, this hydrophobisation effect was evaluated as insufficient.
At present the reduction of hydrophobisation effect due to pigment application is the subject of thorough research.
Very effective reduction of walling member absorption was confirmed with all tested concentrations with this preparation even up to the 1:100 concentration.
In selected time intervals each shaped piece was weighed and from the weighing data the amount of water absorbed in the shaped piece in given time was set.
When the application of hydrophobisation preparations no. 2 and 3 were compared with the reference -not hydrophobised shaped piece, certain reduction of absorptivity was noted, however, this hydrophobisation effect was evaluated as insufficient.
At present the reduction of hydrophobisation effect due to pigment application is the subject of thorough research.
Very effective reduction of walling member absorption was confirmed with all tested concentrations with this preparation even up to the 1:100 concentration.
Online since: March 2006
Authors: Shun Fa Hwang, Horng Ming Chen
For Type A delamination with 3.0=La or 0.5, similar trend on critical
delamination growth stresses is expected even though some data are not obtained.
On the other hand, comparing to its dramatic reduction on critical buckling stresses, Type B delamination have just slight reduction on critical delamination growth stresses when aaS is increased from 0.1 to 1.0.
This may explain the slight reduction on critical delamination growth stresses as the length of the outer, short delamination is increased.
For Type B delamination, the slight reduction on critical delamination growth stresses may be attributed to that the delamination growth always occurs at the inner, long delamination no matter the length of the outer, short delamination and that the inner, long delamination has the same length for different specimens.
On the other hand, comparing to its dramatic reduction on critical buckling stresses, Type B delamination have just slight reduction on critical delamination growth stresses when aaS is increased from 0.1 to 1.0.
This may explain the slight reduction on critical delamination growth stresses as the length of the outer, short delamination is increased.
For Type B delamination, the slight reduction on critical delamination growth stresses may be attributed to that the delamination growth always occurs at the inner, long delamination no matter the length of the outer, short delamination and that the inner, long delamination has the same length for different specimens.
Online since: April 2010
Authors: Aldo Armigliato, Sandro Solmi, Roberta Nipoti, Antonella Poggi, Francesco Moscatelli, Luca Belsito
The main effect of the N implantation is the reduction
of the electron interface trap density, Dit, located near the conduction band, with a consequent
increase of the electron channel conductivity of the transistor [6].
It was reported [6] that the reduction of the interface states for electron traps is due to the nitridation process here studied.
Such a reduction justifies the here reported increase of nfree but not the mobility trends of Fig. 1.
TEM images also show a good planarity of the SiO2-SiC interface and oxide thickness in good agreement with the data obtained from CV electrical measurements [9].
Among them a bulk mobility reduction by scattering centres due to imperfect SiC network reconstruction or to the presence of interstitial N atoms remain the more reasonable.
It was reported [6] that the reduction of the interface states for electron traps is due to the nitridation process here studied.
Such a reduction justifies the here reported increase of nfree but not the mobility trends of Fig. 1.
TEM images also show a good planarity of the SiO2-SiC interface and oxide thickness in good agreement with the data obtained from CV electrical measurements [9].
Among them a bulk mobility reduction by scattering centres due to imperfect SiC network reconstruction or to the presence of interstitial N atoms remain the more reasonable.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: A.G. Poklaytsky, S.I. Motrunich, I.N. Klochkov
Introduction
Reduction of specific quantity of metal per part and increase of their life and service characteristics is one of the important directions of development of science and technology.
As a result, physical-mechanical properties of the permanent joints reduce that can lead to deterioration of performance and reduction of service limits of welded structures [5, 7, 8].
The investigations, carried by foreign specialists, showed that application of friction stir welding promotes formation of fine-grained weld structures, reduction of level of metal softening in welding zone and increase of mechanical properties of the joints at static as well as cyclic loading [12-14].
The experimental data of fatigue tests were processed using linear regression analysis methods which are generally accepted for such type of investigations.
High concentration of effective stresses, caused by weld geometry parameters, and residual wielding stresses result, mainly, in reduction of life duration of ANCAW welded joints more than 2 times.
As a result, physical-mechanical properties of the permanent joints reduce that can lead to deterioration of performance and reduction of service limits of welded structures [5, 7, 8].
The investigations, carried by foreign specialists, showed that application of friction stir welding promotes formation of fine-grained weld structures, reduction of level of metal softening in welding zone and increase of mechanical properties of the joints at static as well as cyclic loading [12-14].
The experimental data of fatigue tests were processed using linear regression analysis methods which are generally accepted for such type of investigations.
High concentration of effective stresses, caused by weld geometry parameters, and residual wielding stresses result, mainly, in reduction of life duration of ANCAW welded joints more than 2 times.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar, Abdul Mutalib Leman, U.K. Parjo, Q. Emparan, Paran Gani, Chin Ming Er
A study done by Spengler [6] stated that the parameter data such as carbon dioxide, temperature and relative humidity can use as significant of ventilation and environmental condition.
Based on the results (Figure1), biocide treatment with acrylic show 20% reduction of fungal growth and glycerol-based paint shows 10% the reduction of fungal growth.
The thick wall paper also show 20% reduction of fungal growth and thin wallpaper the reduction is 10%.
Based on the results (Figure1), biocide treatment with acrylic show 20% reduction of fungal growth and glycerol-based paint shows 10% the reduction of fungal growth.
The thick wall paper also show 20% reduction of fungal growth and thin wallpaper the reduction is 10%.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Zhong Qi Yan, Li Qun Xu, Zhen Zhong Shen
According to the geological survey data and laboratory test results, the permeability coefficients of geologic stratification and dam districts are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
The elevation of soakage face and the head reduction are given in Table 4.
Fig.3 Equipotential line graph of typical section in scheme DSX-1 Table 4 Elevation of soakage face and the head reduction Scheme Soakage face in cushion(m) Head reduction(m) Head reduction percentage(%) DSX-1 1521.55 188.45 82.27 DSX-2 1520.54 189.46 82.71 DSX-3 1522.77 187.23 81.74 DSX-4 1518.94 191.06 83.41 DSX-5 1522.79 187.21 81.73 DSX-6 1526.29 183.71 80.21 Seepage gradient.
The elevation of soakage face and the head reduction are given in Table 4.
Fig.3 Equipotential line graph of typical section in scheme DSX-1 Table 4 Elevation of soakage face and the head reduction Scheme Soakage face in cushion(m) Head reduction(m) Head reduction percentage(%) DSX-1 1521.55 188.45 82.27 DSX-2 1520.54 189.46 82.71 DSX-3 1522.77 187.23 81.74 DSX-4 1518.94 191.06 83.41 DSX-5 1522.79 187.21 81.73 DSX-6 1526.29 183.71 80.21 Seepage gradient.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Mohsen Badrossamay, Hamid Montazerolghaem, Alireza Fadaei Tehrani
Moreover, too much indentation and reduction in the cross sectional thickness of the weld joint can be resulted when increasing the axial force [6].
The selected dynamic model was compared with the experimental data in ref. [13].
Axial welding force (N) FSW VAFSW Fig. 3 Axial welding force reduction by applying the vibration Design of experimental (DOE) results The purpose of this part of research is to identify the relationships between the set of design parameters.
Force reduction of 6 to 17% during the friction stir welding was observed when applying the vibration.
Due to reduction in axial force, the tool life can be increase.
The selected dynamic model was compared with the experimental data in ref. [13].
Axial welding force (N) FSW VAFSW Fig. 3 Axial welding force reduction by applying the vibration Design of experimental (DOE) results The purpose of this part of research is to identify the relationships between the set of design parameters.
Force reduction of 6 to 17% during the friction stir welding was observed when applying the vibration.
Due to reduction in axial force, the tool life can be increase.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Tao Lan, Yu Wang, Chun Xia Zhang
Fig.5 Equivalent model of damper-column
In conclusion, the reduction of damping and stiffness are defined in Eq.12 and Eq.13
Experimental study of characteristics Studies of predecessors claims effect of temperature, exciting frequency and amplitude of shearing distortion on viscoelastic materials or damps[3,4], this study delivered some testing data to confirm these effect to shearing viscoelastic damp.
Fig. 9 Geq dependence on distortion Fig. 10 ξeq dependence on distortion Fig. 11 Geq dependence of repeated cycles Fig. 12 ξeq dependence on repeated cycles Fig. 13 Frequency effect on rate of reduction of Geq Fig. 14 Frequency effect on rate of reduction ofξeq It is clear Geq declines as the distortion increases and the times of cycles and even the change of ξeq shows no regular pattern, the tendency is dropping on distortion and repeated cycles.
On the other hand, the rate of reduction increase rapidly and the curve declines flat under lower exciting frequency than higher frequency.
Experimental study of characteristics Studies of predecessors claims effect of temperature, exciting frequency and amplitude of shearing distortion on viscoelastic materials or damps[3,4], this study delivered some testing data to confirm these effect to shearing viscoelastic damp.
Fig. 9 Geq dependence on distortion Fig. 10 ξeq dependence on distortion Fig. 11 Geq dependence of repeated cycles Fig. 12 ξeq dependence on repeated cycles Fig. 13 Frequency effect on rate of reduction of Geq Fig. 14 Frequency effect on rate of reduction ofξeq It is clear Geq declines as the distortion increases and the times of cycles and even the change of ξeq shows no regular pattern, the tendency is dropping on distortion and repeated cycles.
On the other hand, the rate of reduction increase rapidly and the curve declines flat under lower exciting frequency than higher frequency.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Daniel Besnea, Alina Spanu, Robert Ciobanu, Maurizio Repetto, Octavian Donţu
Taking into account the catalog data from the manufacturers of permanent magnets, has been chosen a rounded value, alpha = 0.35, resulting in the following width values of permanent magnets xv = 7mm (the width of permanent magnet with cross magnetization), xh = 13mm ( the height of the permanent magnet with axial magnetization).
The equation that characterizes this dependence is of type: (9) In the second experiment, for a fuel flow of 0.3 m3N/ h and a diffusive laminar burning the fuel was treated in a magnetic field of 7000 Gauss and were realized measurements in which the oxygen level in the combustion chamber was changed (fig. 5), so that at the level of the flame at a distance of 200 mm from the exit of the burner, in the point where the probe was introduced, has been obtained a reduction from 1.5% to 1% and 0.5% respectively in the level of oxygen (oxygen reduction was obtained by filling air vents so that air could not enter the combustion chamber).
Through the oxygen reduction from 1% to 0.5% in gas collection point, has been recorded a very small decrease in the amount of nitrogen oxides, accompanied by a substantial increase in the amount of carbon monoxide in the situation when the fuel was treated in a magnetic field.
Acting on excess air during the combustion of the fuel treated in a magnetic field, we obtain a 20% reduction in the level of nitrogen oxides, while the amount of unburned fuel, carbon monoxide respectively, does not exceed that obtained during the normal combustion of natural gas.
The equation that characterizes this dependence is of type: (9) In the second experiment, for a fuel flow of 0.3 m3N/ h and a diffusive laminar burning the fuel was treated in a magnetic field of 7000 Gauss and were realized measurements in which the oxygen level in the combustion chamber was changed (fig. 5), so that at the level of the flame at a distance of 200 mm from the exit of the burner, in the point where the probe was introduced, has been obtained a reduction from 1.5% to 1% and 0.5% respectively in the level of oxygen (oxygen reduction was obtained by filling air vents so that air could not enter the combustion chamber).
Through the oxygen reduction from 1% to 0.5% in gas collection point, has been recorded a very small decrease in the amount of nitrogen oxides, accompanied by a substantial increase in the amount of carbon monoxide in the situation when the fuel was treated in a magnetic field.
Acting on excess air during the combustion of the fuel treated in a magnetic field, we obtain a 20% reduction in the level of nitrogen oxides, while the amount of unburned fuel, carbon monoxide respectively, does not exceed that obtained during the normal combustion of natural gas.