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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xing Liu, Xian Yan Chen, Yuan Lin, Long Fang Ye, Fen Xiao, Qing Huo Liu
By using frequency-sweep and data processing techniques, the multiplicity of roots is eliminated.
The measurement of the reflection and transmission response of transmission line is conducted by the VNA.The complex permittivity and the permeability of the sample are then derived from the scattering parameters using a computer-based reduction algorithm.
Results and discussions Figure3 shows the curves and the data of the electromagnetic parameters of air versus frequency.As the relative permittivity and permeability of air are both within 0.95~1.04,it can be seen that the measurement resultsare consistent with the real value.
Figure4 illustrates the frequency-sweep test chart for PTFE.As shown in the data graph,,, , are within 1.94~2.11,0.02~0.12,0.97~1.05,-0.05~0.04, respectively.
The measurement of the reflection and transmission response of transmission line is conducted by the VNA.The complex permittivity and the permeability of the sample are then derived from the scattering parameters using a computer-based reduction algorithm.
Results and discussions Figure3 shows the curves and the data of the electromagnetic parameters of air versus frequency.As the relative permittivity and permeability of air are both within 0.95~1.04,it can be seen that the measurement resultsare consistent with the real value.
Figure4 illustrates the frequency-sweep test chart for PTFE.As shown in the data graph,,, , are within 1.94~2.11,0.02~0.12,0.97~1.05,-0.05~0.04, respectively.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Martin Mandl, Oldrich Janiczek, Jiri Kucera, Jan Smoldas
Nevertheless, our preliminary PPI data confirm some previous experimental findings and indicate potentially fruitful directions for probing additional roles of rusticyanin in sulfur metabolism, copper resistance, anaerobic iron reduction, iron transport, and oxidative stress in extreme acidophiles.
Possible functions in copper resistance and an anaerobic iron reduction pathway have been recently suggested [5, 6], but there may be others.
The MS/MS data were processed by the MASCOT 2.6 search algorithm implemented in Proteome Discoverer software v 1.4, and detected sequences were searched against the UniProtKB reference proteome of A. ferrooxidans ATCC23270T (Proteome ID: UP000001362; last modified version from October 9, 2016).
Possible functions in copper resistance and an anaerobic iron reduction pathway have been recently suggested [5, 6], but there may be others.
The MS/MS data were processed by the MASCOT 2.6 search algorithm implemented in Proteome Discoverer software v 1.4, and detected sequences were searched against the UniProtKB reference proteome of A. ferrooxidans ATCC23270T (Proteome ID: UP000001362; last modified version from October 9, 2016).
Online since: May 2021
Authors: Roto Roto, Kuwat Triyana, Yusbarina Yusbarina
The electrochemical degradation of 20 ppm methyl orange (MO) by using the SS/G-OH electrode with an applied current of 1.5 A showed a concentration reduction of >99% after 30 min of reaction.
The GC data suggest that MO was mainly degraded to CO2 and H2O.
The FTIR data is shown in Fig. 2.
The electrochemical oxidation of MO using SS/G-OH in NaCl electrolyte showed a concentration reduction of >99% after 30 min of electrolysis.
The GC data suggest that MO was mainly degraded to CO2 and H2O.
The FTIR data is shown in Fig. 2.
The electrochemical oxidation of MO using SS/G-OH in NaCl electrolyte showed a concentration reduction of >99% after 30 min of electrolysis.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Jun Yao, Xiao Yang Hu
The results of simulation and calculation compared with empirical data.
Results of simulation The results of simulation and calculations were duplicated in the calculated complex ANSYS / LS-DYNA and compared with experimental data at certain points.
Acceleration on points 4 and 14. • - is experimental data Fig.5.
The efficiency of structures provided such a purpose: a) increase the lower frequencies of vibration, b) increasing the fatigue strength due to material selection; c) decrease the area of exposed solid surfaces with acoustic emission; d) reduction level of the transmission of force from the discharge chamber to the structural elements.
Results of simulation The results of simulation and calculations were duplicated in the calculated complex ANSYS / LS-DYNA and compared with experimental data at certain points.
Acceleration on points 4 and 14. • - is experimental data Fig.5.
The efficiency of structures provided such a purpose: a) increase the lower frequencies of vibration, b) increasing the fatigue strength due to material selection; c) decrease the area of exposed solid surfaces with acoustic emission; d) reduction level of the transmission of force from the discharge chamber to the structural elements.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Humaidillah Kurniadi Wardana, Endarko Endarko, Agus Muhamad Hatta
The results of data reduction from PCA projections through Principle Component 1 and Principle Component 2 regions are able to detect the presence of pork mixture in beef and chicken.
ADC Data from AS7341 Normalized Spectra XYZ CIE Tristumulus Fig. 3.
Data Analysis with Principal Componen Analysis (PCA) Data analysis was carried out on the spectra measurement results of each meat.
Measurement data stored in CSV form is analyzed using the PCA method by looking at the results of reduction and projection through PC1 and PC2 regions that are able to explain the percentage of classification of each beef, pork, chicken, mixed beef-pork, and mixed chicken-pork.
[39] Ams Osram Group, Data Sheet As7341 11-Channel Multi-Spectral Digital Sensor, (2020).
ADC Data from AS7341 Normalized Spectra XYZ CIE Tristumulus Fig. 3.
Data Analysis with Principal Componen Analysis (PCA) Data analysis was carried out on the spectra measurement results of each meat.
Measurement data stored in CSV form is analyzed using the PCA method by looking at the results of reduction and projection through PC1 and PC2 regions that are able to explain the percentage of classification of each beef, pork, chicken, mixed beef-pork, and mixed chicken-pork.
[39] Ams Osram Group, Data Sheet As7341 11-Channel Multi-Spectral Digital Sensor, (2020).
Online since: September 2005
Authors: K. Salama, U.(Balu) Balachandran, G. Majkic
Defect
chemistry modeling from creep data is presented for these two cases.
However, by reanalyzing the data, they were able to find a better fit to the strain rate vs.
temperature data when the high- and low-temperature data points were fitted separately.
Shown in Figure 5 is a logarithmic plot of their data and the fit, as reproduced from [12].
The authors propose a modified model to explain the experimental data.
However, by reanalyzing the data, they were able to find a better fit to the strain rate vs.
temperature data when the high- and low-temperature data points were fitted separately.
Shown in Figure 5 is a logarithmic plot of their data and the fit, as reproduced from [12].
The authors propose a modified model to explain the experimental data.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Ivica Ristović, Predrag Jovančić, Dragan Medenica, Vladimir Milisavljević
Supports are located at connection of shaft with output shaft of gear reduction of the drive unit.
Table 1 Definitions of shaft supports after freedom of movement level in the points (nods) Bucket wheel's shaft support Point (nod) Translation Rotation Tx Ty Tz Rx Ry Rz Location A T1 1 0 0 0 0 0 T2 0 1 0 0 0 0 Location B T3 1 0 1 0 0 0 T4 0 1 1 0 0 0 Connection to gear reduction's shaft C T5 1 0 0 0 0 0 T6 0 1 0 0 0 0 T7 0 1 0 0 0 0 T8 1 0 0 0 0 0 Graphic interpretation of the supports is shown on Fig. 1.
Static calculation data for all types of bucket wheels are given in Table 2.
Table 2 Static calculation data for all types of bucket wheels Bucket wheel Movement fmax , cm Equivalent stress sekv,max, kN/cm2 Normal stress s , kN/cm2 Tangential stress t , kN/cm2 Deformation energy Ed,aps, kNcm Type 1 11.4 5.01 3.47 4.58 5.3 Type 2 5.4 7.4 7.28 5.38 6.4 Type 3 7.2 19.3 9.4 18.7 18.0 Type 4 12.2 19.0 12.3 16.9 28.2 Obtained parameters which, basic for diagnostics of bucket wheel's steel structure, are enabling further activities for considered assembly with high accuracy.
Any reduction of the stress, and its concentration in particular, achieved by this approach enables considerable extension of operational life and increased reliability.
Table 1 Definitions of shaft supports after freedom of movement level in the points (nods) Bucket wheel's shaft support Point (nod) Translation Rotation Tx Ty Tz Rx Ry Rz Location A T1 1 0 0 0 0 0 T2 0 1 0 0 0 0 Location B T3 1 0 1 0 0 0 T4 0 1 1 0 0 0 Connection to gear reduction's shaft C T5 1 0 0 0 0 0 T6 0 1 0 0 0 0 T7 0 1 0 0 0 0 T8 1 0 0 0 0 0 Graphic interpretation of the supports is shown on Fig. 1.
Static calculation data for all types of bucket wheels are given in Table 2.
Table 2 Static calculation data for all types of bucket wheels Bucket wheel Movement fmax , cm Equivalent stress sekv,max, kN/cm2 Normal stress s , kN/cm2 Tangential stress t , kN/cm2 Deformation energy Ed,aps, kNcm Type 1 11.4 5.01 3.47 4.58 5.3 Type 2 5.4 7.4 7.28 5.38 6.4 Type 3 7.2 19.3 9.4 18.7 18.0 Type 4 12.2 19.0 12.3 16.9 28.2 Obtained parameters which, basic for diagnostics of bucket wheel's steel structure, are enabling further activities for considered assembly with high accuracy.
Any reduction of the stress, and its concentration in particular, achieved by this approach enables considerable extension of operational life and increased reliability.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Tasnim Firdaus Ariff, Mohd Syahidan Kamarudin, Mohd Amiruddin Haron
Data were extrapolated (up to maximum flank wear of 0.4 mm), graphs were plotted, tool life for TiCN coated tool was analyzed, optimum cutting conditions were found and finally cost analysis was performed.
However, there is significant difference in the wear rates at 372 and 498 m/min where for dry machining, there has been a reduction in wear rate by 26 % and 0% (0.022 mm/min) respectively.
The data for MRR values can be seen in Table 1.
Apparently, dry machining has shown to have a significant reduction in the machining cost per piece by 25 – 50 % and 44 – 76 % for the lower and higher parameters respectively.
This is a clear justification on the cost reduction of what dry machining can offer.
However, there is significant difference in the wear rates at 372 and 498 m/min where for dry machining, there has been a reduction in wear rate by 26 % and 0% (0.022 mm/min) respectively.
The data for MRR values can be seen in Table 1.
Apparently, dry machining has shown to have a significant reduction in the machining cost per piece by 25 – 50 % and 44 – 76 % for the lower and higher parameters respectively.
This is a clear justification on the cost reduction of what dry machining can offer.
Online since: June 2023
Authors: Philip G. Neudeck, Carl W. Chang, Srihari Rajgopal, Jose M. Gonzalez, David J. Spry
Fig. 2 data indicates that the maximum stress measured in conventional (CMS-18) sputtered TaSi2 films decreased with increasing PDA temperature up to 900 °C.
Pie chart illustrating deposition and annealing process variable contributions to the reduction in TaSi2 achieved in the YZT close-proximity sputter deposition system.
It is important to note that it is assume that not all deposition parameters are orthogonal and total stress reduction should not be linearly summed.
For the subsequent (PDA) measurements, a “burn-in” I-V sweep to 25 V was inserted immediately before collecting actual wafer data.
Despite the reduction in TaSi2 film thickness (from 0.80 µm to 0.68 µm) from prior IC generations, all PDA average sheet resistances shown in Table 1 fall below the 5 Ω/square model specified in the IC Gen. 12 layout guide [11].
Pie chart illustrating deposition and annealing process variable contributions to the reduction in TaSi2 achieved in the YZT close-proximity sputter deposition system.
It is important to note that it is assume that not all deposition parameters are orthogonal and total stress reduction should not be linearly summed.
For the subsequent (PDA) measurements, a “burn-in” I-V sweep to 25 V was inserted immediately before collecting actual wafer data.
Despite the reduction in TaSi2 film thickness (from 0.80 µm to 0.68 µm) from prior IC generations, all PDA average sheet resistances shown in Table 1 fall below the 5 Ω/square model specified in the IC Gen. 12 layout guide [11].
Online since: March 2019
Authors: Wai Lin, Ola Gawi, Quosay A. Ahmed, Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub, Anas Hasan, Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn, Mokhtar Che Ismail
The corrosion rate of a carbon steel specimen has been evaluated using an experimental setup consisting of a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE), to simulate the dynamic and heating condition, and a Potentiostat, to provide continuous and instantaneous electrochemical corrosion data.
For continuous and instantaneous data acquisition, the RCE cell is connected with the electrochemical measurement Potentiostat before running the experiment.
The corrosion rate then exhibits significant reduction with time until 4 hours of exposure time.
After that, the rate of reduction of corrosion rate decreases with the increase in exposure time to eventually reach a semi-stable corrosion rate after 10 hours of exposure.
The application of 50 ppm of the oleochemical corrosion inhibitor shows significant reduction in corrosion rate as compared to the corrosion rate at the base case.
For continuous and instantaneous data acquisition, the RCE cell is connected with the electrochemical measurement Potentiostat before running the experiment.
The corrosion rate then exhibits significant reduction with time until 4 hours of exposure time.
After that, the rate of reduction of corrosion rate decreases with the increase in exposure time to eventually reach a semi-stable corrosion rate after 10 hours of exposure.
The application of 50 ppm of the oleochemical corrosion inhibitor shows significant reduction in corrosion rate as compared to the corrosion rate at the base case.