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(1) Where µ is the friction factor between the copper and steel, N1 is normal contact pressure between the left wedge and the steel tube.
(5) Piston Friction Damper Testing The dynamic test analyses the mechanical properties of the above-mentioned friction damper and the factors that affect the mechanical properties by using electro-hydraulic materials testing machine.
The experimental principle is: highpressure oil is acting on the piston of moving container by the testing machine, and mechanical signal is changed into electrical signal by sensor, then compared it with the control signal and adjust the servo valve, so that the feedback signal is equal to command signals and the relative displacement of chuck of both ends and loading frequency can be controlled precisely.
The size of the frequency, amplitude and waveform character do not affect the hysteretic characteristics of the damper.

In order to ensure the properties of the material, SUS304 was initially validated using tensile test carried out based on JISZ2241 [8].
It was found from the material properties, the yield stress is 398.83 MPa.
These standard arrays stipulate the way of conducting the minimal number of experiments, which could give the full information of all the factors that affect the performance parameters [12].
Result And Discussion Although parameter factors affect the gasket performance is obtained, but with conventional design concept, after gasket design is created, it require evaluation analysis going through multiple build and test to verify performance.
The main effects of other factors are computed in similar manner.

Among the many SMPs, shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) has been found the broadest applications because of their ample properties [4].
It was because that the decrease of hard segment would weaken the phase separation which was the main factor affecting the shape memory property [20].
H-bonding and crystallinity, which affected the thermal properties, were showed in FTIR, XRD, DSC and POM respectively.
Thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers from different polymerization methods, Polym Int 1993;31:329
Shanmugharaj, Thermal, mechanical and electroactive shape memory properties of polyurethane (PU)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/CNT nanocomposites, European Polymer Journal, 49 (2013) 3492-3500.

Introduction Under environmental and the load effects, the factors affecting the service life of infrastructure are complex.
In the reinforced concrete structure, the crack width is controlled by reinforcing steel, corrosive substances will penetrate through the cracks causing the steel to corrode, swelling stress will occur, leading to spalling of concrete cover, seriously affecting the structural durability and safety.
The properties of PVA fibers are listed in Table 1, and the mix proportions of ECC in Table 2.
Table 1 The properties of PVA fibers No.
In the period of strain hardening, the strength of JE6 declined slower than that of JE5 and JE4 indicating that the crack resistance and toughening effects of JE6 is higher than that of JE5 and JE4. 3.2 Uniaxial tensile properties Table 3 Uniaxial tensile mechanical properties for ECC No.

Ti-17 has strength properties superior to those of Ti-6Al-4V.
The first step of designing an experiment with known number of factors in Taguchi's method is to select the most suitable O.A..
In the present study, since there are five factors with two levels, the orthogonal array L8(25-2) that involves 8 trial runs was selected.
The vertical columns of O.A. correspond to the factors specified in the study.
Among the explored factors, insert type and tool-path strategy were found to significantly affect residual stress states in feed direction.

There are many factors determining the final degree of acidity which characterizes the surface oxide structure formed when the carbide cutting inserts are heated in an electric furnace and similarly during cutting.
Depending on a number of factors, the oxide material formed in the process of oxidation of contact surfaces are more or less likely to display donor-acceptor characteristics.
The main factors are the following: initial chemical composition of carbide grains and cobalt interlayer, characteristics of carbide grain synthesis, temperature and duration of powder sintering, sintering medium, a final degree of chemical interaction between the metal and carbon in the carbide structure, stress-strain behavior at the boundary between carbide grains and cobalt interlayer, structural defects in these carbide components and other conditions affecting surface oxide development.
The ratio between bound and free carbon directly affects the oxidation of carbides and accordingly the final development of basic or acidic properties of oxides.
Physical and mechanical characteristics of these groups are determined by a state, properties and an adsorption form of the surface oxygen.

The mold filling depends on many factors whose exact effect is still unknown.
Fluidity is affected by some factors [4], such as: a) Fluidity increases with overheating, due to viscosity reduction and solidification delay.
High levels of titanium can give rise to the formation of intermetallic particles that are detrimental to mechanical properties.
Hatch: Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy (ASM International, Metals Park, OH, USA 1984)
Taylor: Factors Affecting the Fluidity of Metals (Ed.

Skalnikow Street, No. 6b, 59-101, Polkowice, Poland akrzysztof.jamroziak@wso.wroc.pl, bwieslaw.jargulinski@wso.wroc.pl, cs.piesiak@dwspit.pl * Corresponding author: Krzysztof Jamroziak, krzysztof.jamroziak@wso.wroc.pl Keywords: properties, electrical properties, adhesion, double electric layer, absorption hydrogen Abstract.
Those processes are caused by generation of electricity in double layer (EDL), affecting the electrode potential shift in positive direction.
The increased adhesion forces on the metal substrate is the another factor, which translates into increased strength of fatigue.
Wlodarczyk, Influence of adsorbed hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy construction, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology in Opole.
Waynman, Moder state of the problem of hydrogen embrittlement of metal of TPP thermo-mechanical equipment of pre-and overcritical parameters, 3rd International Conference, Fracture mechanics of materials and structural integrity, Lviv 2000, pp. 445-456

Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Steel Concrete spiral reinforced concrete structure and steel structure on the basis of the evolution and development of a new type of structure, the substance of their work lies in the interaction between the steel tube and its core concrete and synergistic complementary, since this kinds of interaction, so that the concrete filled steel tube has superior mechanical properties, more and more engineering practice [1].Currently, researchers at home and abroad on the seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tube has been some experimental studies and theoretical analysis, however, still in the steel concrete joints' shear design to be improved.
The CFST column - steel beam joint horizontal shear force transfer mechanism contains basic: (1) Beam end vertical shear passes through the connecting web to the pipe wall, and then passed to the core by the steel pipe wall concrete; (2) Beam end horizontal shear through steel transmitted to the beam flange reinforcing ring and pipe wall, and then passed through the adhesive force between the pipe wall and the concrete to the core concrete; With the continuous increase of the horizontal shear, bond failure may occur between the pipe wall and the concrete, some horizontal shear only by strengthening the ring passed to the other side of the steel tubular column. 2 Impact factors of the shear capacity of concrete filled steel tubular beam-column joints The shear strength of concrete filled steel tubular beam-column joints subject to a variety of factors, In addition to the strength of concrete, the connection of the steel yield strength, node outside, Axial force, steel pipe, column end
On the other hand, the column end moments also affect the size of the steel pipe wall stress further affect the steel pipe wall to the side of the core concrete pressure and concrete compressive strength.
Therefore, the column end moment is not conducive to the shear capacity of the node. 2.4 Vertical shear beam ends Steel pipe concrete structure, frame beam end of vertical shear generally passed through shear corbels webs onto the tube wall, and then passed through the adhesive force between the pipe wall and concrete core concrete weakened to some extent the steel pipe wall, thus affecting the internal concrete filled steel pipe ferrule role.
Finite element analysis, specimen geometry and material properties according to Table 1 values, the first in the top of the column axial force N is applied, low cyclic loading applied to the beam end, until the limit state.

The resultant factors and their proportions of thermal deformation were presented through regression calculation.
The associated factors of thermal distortion were analyzed using the regression calculation.
However, different points still have respective temperatures, so identify the key influence factors for distortions in the feed system is still complex.
In order to make the deformation effect factors clear, 105 samples were selected in the three fixed selected points.
The study provides a good experimental platform for studying the influential factors of feed axis thermal distortions and also gives an objective and effective test scheme.