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Online since: August 2016
Authors: Marion Merklein, Bastian Zimmermann
The drawn wire has the advantage that the formability is better than for the wire rod, because of the lower level of cross-section reduction of the last drawing process after the annealing.
Also in most cases, the standard material data and friction parameters from the databank of the FE program are used to describe the flow conditions of the material for the cold forging process.
The annealed specimens of the investigation comply with the real wire state of drawing, annealing and a drawing with very low reduction of cross section.
This corresponds to a cross-section reduction of about 17.30 %.
Thereby the cup height ratio is given through h1/h2 and the reduction in the internal diameter through (d1d0)/d0.
Also in most cases, the standard material data and friction parameters from the databank of the FE program are used to describe the flow conditions of the material for the cold forging process.
The annealed specimens of the investigation comply with the real wire state of drawing, annealing and a drawing with very low reduction of cross section.
This corresponds to a cross-section reduction of about 17.30 %.
Thereby the cup height ratio is given through h1/h2 and the reduction in the internal diameter through (d1d0)/d0.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Dieter Lung, Fritz Klocke, A. Krämer
At 650 °C it decreases only by approximately 20 per cent to 1100 N/mm2 [[] MatWeb: Material property data of special metals Inconel alloy 718, (2009) available from http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?
The effects of the high-pressure lubricoolant supply can be summarized as follows: (a) reduction of tool wear and possibility to increase cutting parameters, due to the reduction of chip-tool contact length or friction [12] respectively and reduction in thermal tool load (b) defined chip breakage [[] J.
The maximum reduction of tool temperature was about 25 per cent compared with conventional flood cooling (from approximately 750 °C to 580 °C).
Lower tool temperature with increasing lubricoolant supply pressure can be explained by enhanced cooling and lubrication close to the cutting edge due to the reduction of the tool-chip contact area.
The reduction of flank wear can be attributed to the lower tool temperature (up to 25 per cent) during machining with the high-pressure lubricoolant supply which allows enhanced cutting speeds.
The effects of the high-pressure lubricoolant supply can be summarized as follows: (a) reduction of tool wear and possibility to increase cutting parameters, due to the reduction of chip-tool contact length or friction [12] respectively and reduction in thermal tool load (b) defined chip breakage [[] J.
The maximum reduction of tool temperature was about 25 per cent compared with conventional flood cooling (from approximately 750 °C to 580 °C).
Lower tool temperature with increasing lubricoolant supply pressure can be explained by enhanced cooling and lubrication close to the cutting edge due to the reduction of the tool-chip contact area.
The reduction of flank wear can be attributed to the lower tool temperature (up to 25 per cent) during machining with the high-pressure lubricoolant supply which allows enhanced cutting speeds.
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Irfan Shah, Rohana Adnan, Najm Us Saqib, Saifullahi Shehu Imam, Nur Farah Waheed Tajudeen
Statistical data shows that approximately 1 million tons of dyes were produced annually [1], and among the organic dyes produced, cationic and anionic dyes made up about 50–70% of total world dye production [2].
Meanwhile, the reduction in COD values for synthetic wastewater was more pronounced and reached 81.0 and 66.7% for FeAC and AC, respectively.
On the other hand, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the COD reduction for FeAC increased to 89.7 and 90.5% for both industrial and synthetic wastewater, respectively.
As expected, no significant change was observed in the tap water samples for COD reduction, although a slight COD value was observed using AC/H2O2.
In the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the FeAC behaved as a Fenton catalyst and resulted in COD reduction of as much as 90%.
Meanwhile, the reduction in COD values for synthetic wastewater was more pronounced and reached 81.0 and 66.7% for FeAC and AC, respectively.
On the other hand, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the COD reduction for FeAC increased to 89.7 and 90.5% for both industrial and synthetic wastewater, respectively.
As expected, no significant change was observed in the tap water samples for COD reduction, although a slight COD value was observed using AC/H2O2.
In the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the FeAC behaved as a Fenton catalyst and resulted in COD reduction of as much as 90%.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Elita Amrina, Titut Eryanto
Hence, it is needed an innovation to optimize the CO2 emission reduction.
The reduction of energy consumption indicates the reduction of CO2 emission produced.
The low carbon can be achieved by applying the CO2 emissions reduction which is similar to Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), energy efficiency, and diversification to develop the renewable energy.
In order to achieve the company’s vission and mission, PT Semen Padang develop an integrated management system as the guidance for all company’s activities, and transformed into nine aspects consisting of effectivity and efficiency, sustainability and innovation, quality, occupational health and safety; environmental, security, legally, data accuration, and corporate social responsibility.
Cement Technology Roadmap 2009: Carbon Emissions Reductions up to 2050.
The reduction of energy consumption indicates the reduction of CO2 emission produced.
The low carbon can be achieved by applying the CO2 emissions reduction which is similar to Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), energy efficiency, and diversification to develop the renewable energy.
In order to achieve the company’s vission and mission, PT Semen Padang develop an integrated management system as the guidance for all company’s activities, and transformed into nine aspects consisting of effectivity and efficiency, sustainability and innovation, quality, occupational health and safety; environmental, security, legally, data accuration, and corporate social responsibility.
Cement Technology Roadmap 2009: Carbon Emissions Reductions up to 2050.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Yan Chen, Chang Feng Yuan, Wan Lei Wang
RS has the advantages in dealing with incomplete information, identifying the dependency relationship between data and acquiring useful rule [1-3].
ANN shows obvious advantages in solving the problem of data combination, data infection of nonlinear problem and simulation of human thought [4-6].
RS is mainly applied to the reduction of design demands in design process [7, 8].
This value expresses the reduction of design demands.
ANN model is trained with MATLAB. 60 groups of reduced design demands are the training samples, and sample data, expected outputs and output results of network training are shown in Table 4.
ANN shows obvious advantages in solving the problem of data combination, data infection of nonlinear problem and simulation of human thought [4-6].
RS is mainly applied to the reduction of design demands in design process [7, 8].
This value expresses the reduction of design demands.
ANN model is trained with MATLAB. 60 groups of reduced design demands are the training samples, and sample data, expected outputs and output results of network training are shown in Table 4.
Climate and Air Quality Co-Benefits of Local Air Pollution Control: The Case of China’s Power Sector
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Can Wang, Min Hua Ye
Following this introduction, we will describe the multi-regional grid multi-period optimization model as well as the data and materials used in this study.
(9) 2.2 Data and Sources Historical data from 2006 to 2010 of regional electricity demand, electricity generation and installed capacity are data-mined from government and sectoral statistics [8, 9], while some of the detailed breakdowns within coal-fired generations are based on assumptions of utilization hours.
Efficiency and cost data of generation technologies are obtained from related techno-economic studies [6, 10].
Air pollution control technologies, including LNB, SCR and FGD, are considered, and the technology data are estimated mainly based on related techno-economic studies.
On the nexus of SO2 and CO2 emissions in China: the ancillary benefits of CO2 emission reductions.
(9) 2.2 Data and Sources Historical data from 2006 to 2010 of regional electricity demand, electricity generation and installed capacity are data-mined from government and sectoral statistics [8, 9], while some of the detailed breakdowns within coal-fired generations are based on assumptions of utilization hours.
Efficiency and cost data of generation technologies are obtained from related techno-economic studies [6, 10].
Air pollution control technologies, including LNB, SCR and FGD, are considered, and the technology data are estimated mainly based on related techno-economic studies.
On the nexus of SO2 and CO2 emissions in China: the ancillary benefits of CO2 emission reductions.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Fei Hu Yang, Peng Zhang, Xiao Wei Wang
Empirical analysis
Variable selection and data processing.
The statistical data of this article is from 1994 to 2010 China Statistical Yearbook.
To ensure the accuracy of the data, the GDP standard is billion, and transforming GDP data into constant price data.
Co-integration tests and error correction model About the co-integration test, this article will adopt the method of two-step E - G for data analysis.
In the model, GDP and E is endogenous variables, using Eviews6.0 to analyze data, the estimated results of VAR model is shown as Eq. 4, (Eq. 4) ,, F-statistic=3131.584, AIC is 18.00724, and SC is 18.24325.
The statistical data of this article is from 1994 to 2010 China Statistical Yearbook.
To ensure the accuracy of the data, the GDP standard is billion, and transforming GDP data into constant price data.
Co-integration tests and error correction model About the co-integration test, this article will adopt the method of two-step E - G for data analysis.
In the model, GDP and E is endogenous variables, using Eviews6.0 to analyze data, the estimated results of VAR model is shown as Eq. 4, (Eq. 4) ,, F-statistic=3131.584, AIC is 18.00724, and SC is 18.24325.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Agus Dwi Anggono, Muhammad Rifqi Anggoro
Another data that we can use that data is the elasticity of the material.
The other data is we got the highest elasticity value at 2.71 MPa.
The other data is we got the highest elasticity value at 2.97 MPa.
The other data is we got the highest elasticity value at 3.17 MPa.
Here, is the comparison between 2 data: Graph 11.
The other data is we got the highest elasticity value at 2.71 MPa.
The other data is we got the highest elasticity value at 2.97 MPa.
The other data is we got the highest elasticity value at 3.17 MPa.
Here, is the comparison between 2 data: Graph 11.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Ya Hui Qiu, Jing Jing Jin, De Bao Yuan, Huan Liu, Jia Feng Wang, Xi Min Cui
It is requisite to acquire image data of disaster area in the shortest time and master the situation of disaster in order to minimize the loss.
Image pyramid structure that is used for image coding and gradually proceeding is a typical hierarchical data structure form.
The more the layers are built, the more easier to search, certainly the greater the data redundancy is.
The satellite image data on lots of cities provided by Google Maps can be reached the accuracy within 1 meter.
It is the core parameter used for coordinate mapping, map displaying and maps serving when publishing the raster data.
Image pyramid structure that is used for image coding and gradually proceeding is a typical hierarchical data structure form.
The more the layers are built, the more easier to search, certainly the greater the data redundancy is.
The satellite image data on lots of cities provided by Google Maps can be reached the accuracy within 1 meter.
It is the core parameter used for coordinate mapping, map displaying and maps serving when publishing the raster data.