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Introduction Polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used in many engineering applications, such as slip casting materials, coatings, sealants, and structural glue [1].
Materials and Methods Materials.
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Bhattacharya, R.B.Turner, Characterization of polyurethane foams from soybean oil, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 86 (2002) 3097-3107.DOI: 10.1002/app.11322
Pearce, Thermal degradation studies on rigid polyurethane foams blown with pentane, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 88 (2003) 2319-2330.

Layer double hydroxide materials have many applications in areas such as biomedical, catalytic, sensor, adsorption.
The Ni-Fe LDH materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method [11,12].
Albanis, Photocatalytic degradation using design of experiments: A review and example of the Congo red degradation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (2010) 33-44 [2] N.H.
Hiew, Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, Suyin Gan, Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 79 (2019) 174-199 [5] T.V.
Lim, A novel photoluminescent nanohybrid of poly(ε-Caprolactone) grafted Mg/Al layered double hydroxides and Tb3+ ions: synthesis and characterization, Journal of Alloys and Materials, 582 (2014) 22-28

Experimental Materials All materials were used as received.
Materials Review, 19,13-16
Materials science&engineering a,398,180-187
Materials science&engineering a,425,7-14
,&Choyu Otani.(2010).Degradation of carbon-based materials under ablative conditions produced by a high enthalpy plasma jet.Journal of aerospace technology&Management, 33-40

Introduction In the Civil Engineering field concrete is one of the most durable materials.
Following Figures 9 and table clearly mentioned the presence of materials such as silica, calcite and calcium silicate hydroxide.
[3] B.Vijaya and S.Senthil Selvan, Corrosion effects on the flexural strength behavior of concrete containing manufactured sand, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 5, (2018), pp 1972- 1982
Krishna Chaitanya, Behaviour of bacterial concrete as self healing material, International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering,ISSN 2250-2459, volume 5, Issue 1, January (2015), pp 100-103 [7] Gosh S K,Self-healing materials; fundamentals, design strategies and applications Wiley.
Belie, W.Verstraete, Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete, Construction and Building Materials, (2008) 22: pp 875-885

The traditional plastic plate materials which are made from reinforced glass fibers are expensive and also harmful to the environmental.
Packaging materials, including recycled paper, have to comply with a basic set of criteria concerning safety.
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[3] Zhou K C, Tao Y Q, Research development of nickel ferrite based cermet inert anode materials, J.
[8] ZS Hua, GC Yao, XL Long, HC Wang, Z Zhao, Selection of fiber reinforcement for NiFe2O4-based inert anode materials in aluminum electrolysis, J.
Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. 39 (2016) 92-97 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhou KC, Li ZY, Zhang L, The Cermet Inert Anode Materials for Aluminum Electrolysis., The Press of Central South University, Changsha, 2012
Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION).3 (2015)1-8 (in Chinese)

TiB2/TiN nano-composites were in-situ fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique using Ti and BN powders as starting materials.
In recent years, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) has been widely used to produce fully dense bulk materials (such ceramics, metal, composites).
In this work, TiB2/TiN nano-composites were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) using Ti and BN powders as starting materials.
Conclusion In this work, the TiB2/TiN nano-composites were fabricated by SPS using Ti and BN powders as starting materials at 1450℃ for 3 min.
Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 35 (2012) 1-9

Therefore, morphology-controlled synthesis of well-developed shapes and sizes inorganic materials is an important goal of modern materials chemistry.
Goharshadi, Materials Research Bulletin, 47 (2012) 1089 – 1095
Kumar, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137 (2006) 1538 – 1544
Lu, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 120 (2010) 23 – 30
Nancarrow, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 356 (2011) 473 – 480

Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Province (grant No. 201116045 and 201013035) and the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Province (grant No. 2010G0020324 and 2006GG2203027).
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