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Materials and Methods Data about the ore used in this study are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Data about the chemical composition of the ore Component Content Total copper 0.37% - in primary sulphides 0.28% - in secondary sulphides 0.07% - in oxides 0.02% Iron 4.82% Sulphur 5.27% SiO2 72.54% Al2O3 12.85% K2O 2.35% Particle size, mm Content in the ore, % Cu content, % + 0 – 2.0 38.7 0.352 + 2.0 – 10.0 41.9 0.435 + 10 – 25.0 19.4 0.277 Total 100.0 0.372 The leaching was carried out in PVC percolation columns 140 cm high and with an internal diameter of 14 cm.
Leaching of the ore by means of the mixed culture of extremely thermophilic chemolithotrophic archaea The extreme thermophiles were able to maintain a relatively low redox potential in the system (less than 460 mV during the first half of the leaching period and about 480 mV at the end) which facilitated the reduction of the Fe3+ in the crystal lattice to the soluble Fe2+, as well as the formation of Cu2S during the leaching.
There are several possible mechanisms for the relatively faster reduction of the Fe3+ and the faster formation and oxidation of Cu2S to CuS by the archaea.

The daily operational data collected such as solar irradiance, temperature and PV output power over the entire duration was analyzed and found that all the three PV types generated their output power with respect to the solar irradiance, but over the duration there was a significant decrease in the Fill Factor.
The initial data and present values are presented here in Table 3 and 4 respectively.
Moreover the reduction in F.F over the whole period July 13, 2005 to January 25, 2015 for a-Si, MC-Si and HIT was decreased -27.4%, -21.9% and -6.2% respectively.
This reduction in F.F can be attributed to the reduced insulation resistance, hotspot and snail trails in PV modules.

In connection therewith, there is currently an urgent need to develop materials that realize higher speed, larger magnetic flux and better drive efficiency in order to achieve reduction in size and weight of cores.
A commercially available wateratomized iron powder was used as starting material of Soft Magnetic Composite due to production cost reduction.
White and black data bar correspond to the sample containing conventional resin and developed mixture, respectively.
The values written in the data bar correspond to iron loss W10/1k of each sample.

Model of elongation control system The establishment of tension mathematical model In the stretch bend and straightening process, the elongation was generated by the tension of the tension roller and the reduction amount of the bending roller.
Therefore in the control of elongation, the method of adjusting tension with a fixed amount of reduction was used.
The tension of tension leveller was related to speed of the tension roller speed, tension settings, and other process parameters, so the specific formula was derived as follows: (6) It taked the Laplace transform on both sides of formula (6): (7) According to tension leveller parameters in the subject, the specific data of the tension model parameters can be calculated, and the specific process was as follows: h= 4mm; E= 206000N/mm2; = 5.4m According to the above parameters, the value of can be calculated: (8) (9) The establishment of drive system mathematical
So the mathematical model of the transmission system was (11) The establishment of tension-elongation mathematic model In the elongation control systems, the transfer function of the tension - elongation relationship can be expressed as function with field test data analysis, the tension-elongation model can be approximated as a first order inertial element.

When the content of FeO is too low, the formation of sintering liquid phase decreases, and it will badly affect the drum strength and low temperature reduction property of sinter.
According to the relevant data and test results, when the content of FeO in sinter reduce 1%, the sinter solid fuel consumption decrease about 3~5kg/t, and the coke rate decrease about 5~11kg/t [1-2] in smelting process of blast furnace.
It can be known that the fitting degree of hematite and magnetite are 0.75 and 0.79 respectively, and the results are consistent with actual data. 3.1 The Effects of the categories of iron ores on FeO content in sinter Table 1 shows the FeO content in sinter of hematite rises but magnetite decreases after sintering.
The FeO content of original ores can make the value of P change, but the main reason is the reduction of the FeO content in the sintering process.

This study will also include the reduction of recombination and band gap of TiO2 in order to synchronize it with the available Solar Spectrum thus maximizing solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.
Chemical synthesis and green reduction in the context of top down route will be pursued for the synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), as top down synthesis is the way to produce large quantities of Graphene inexpensively.
Through the in-depth research about the synthesis methods of Graphene, modified Hummer’s Method is selected for the formation of Graphene Oxide which will be preceded by Chemical reduction method.
Reduction of Graphene Oxide.
The obtained peaks were match with previous data and results were similar which proved the existence of titania in sample.

The results for interfacial tension (IFT) also show a significant reduction.
The measurement was repeated three times and thus the contact angle data contained a maximum error of ± 5°.
The slides were placed vertically during treatment, thus, the reduction of contact angle is the result of nanoparticles and surfactant adsorption on to the rock surface.
As for interfacial tension (IFT) value, it experiences a reduction in presence of both Al2O3 and ZrO2 in CTAB and brine.
These reductions prove that the application of nanoparticles can improve oil mobilization.

Data were collected in the 2θ range of 10° – 80°, with a scan rate of 0.026°/s.
These two events explain the observed mass reduction after citric acid treatment.
This reduction suggests that OA-induced surface modifications altered the diffraction intensity without forming a new crystalline phase.
However, a slight reduction in the intensity of the (200) plane at 24.26° was observed in the citric acid-treated sample (TE).
The statistical analysis shows significant differences in the hardness values (F = 25.90, P < 0.0001) with a strong data fit (R² = 0.9189).

Changes in physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities of cooked crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) meat, treated at different freezing rate (-30˚C,CPF; -60˚C,ULTF; -196˚C,LNM), were investigated during storage at -20˚C for up to 6 months. pH value increased in all treatments with the sharp reduction after 3 months.
Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) increased with storage time, with the reduction of TVC and sensory score.
The increase of pH value of cooked crayfish meat were probably related with the enzymes but not microbes, because the microbes were rarely detected (data were shown in Fig 1-e.).

Experiment results on the integrated circuit 74HC42 show that the switching activity reduction can be achieved up to 64% while achieving high fault coverage, especially suitable for BIST of Integrated circuits.
The data shows that each jump will lead to an average energy consumption of on node i, in which is the output capacitance, is the source voltage.
Therefore, the reduction of the switching activity in the circuit during the test is the most feasible way to reduce power consumption.