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The sheet was cold rolled to give a 60% reduction in thickness, down to the final thickness of 0.4 mm, while about 58% of α´-martensite was formed.
The data in Fig. 3 suggests that in addition to athermal formation of martensite, new martensite is formed isothermally, the fraction being dependent on annealing temperature and duration, exactly as expected for a diffusion-controlled process.
At 550 °C and 585 °C, the martensite fraction reaches a maximum followed by continuous reduction.
After 60% reduction of cold rolling, the average microhardness of α´-martensite is 821 HV0.01 and that of austenite 684 HV0.01.
The data reveal that the tempering starts even at a Pn value as low as 13.5.

The functional dependence of thermal and stress-strain properties were taken according to the data presented in research papers [20 - 22].
Experimental data showed that the porosity of the initial structure was P = 12%.
After HEH HFC re-melting there was a significant reduction in roughness (Ra = 6 ± 2 μm) and improved homogeneity of the profile (PV = 4 ... 10 μm) (Fig. 3b).
Particularly, a high heating temperature can lead to changes in chemical and phase compositions as well as to the growth of residual stresses in coatings resulting in the reduction of operating properties of machine parts.
It was proved by the porosity reduction (12% of the initial structure to 1% after plasma spraying), by the absence of unmelted particles and a high-quality border between the coating and the substrate.

.: Cooking temperature Extruder responses Toque, die pressure and production temperature were recorded by workstation on-line automatically each second when the extruder operated steadily after 20 min, then collected data for 3 min.
Statistical analysis All data were reported as the mean±standard deviation(mean±SD).
A reduction in dough viscosity is thought to be the cause in a reduction in die pressure and percentage of torque[1].The soybean residue, feed moisture, and cooking temperature could have possibly reduced the dough viscosity.
Research showed that the viscosity generally decreased with the rising of temperature reduction[15,16], it is the main reason why the die pressure decreased while the cooking temperature increased.
A reduction of viscosity causing less friction and a lower torque, which would result in a lower product temperature, however, product temperature did not follow the trend when cooking temperature increased.

The difficulties are worsened by the uncertainty about material characteristics and lack of technical data, specifications, quality control and quality assurance procedures [9] [14].
Geographic Information System (GIS), Building Information Modelling (BIM), 3D Printing or geo-spatial data analysis [10]) are evolving in different sectors, but they are not still present in CDW management.
It is essential to develop collaborative tools, digital apps and diverse range of automated systems, as shown in Figure 3, for efficient facilitation of waste minimization/reduction and maximization of waste recovery rates towards the ultimate goal of circular economy.
The bottom-up approaches to be developed are expected to achieve reduction in waste production and CO2 emissions (mainly contributing to embodied carbon reduction).
Tam, "A system dynamics-based environmental performance simulation of construction waste reduction management in China," Waste Management, vol. 51, pp. 130-141, 2016

We explore two techniques: principal component analysis (PCA) and forward feature selection (FFS) for dimensionality reduction.
PCA was explored initially since it provides an automated approach to dimensionality reduction, however, it is not easy to gauge significance of individual features in terms of predictive power using PCA, hence the need to explore FFS.
In FFS, we first choose that feature that correlates the best with subjective scores on the training set; then, that feature which correlates the best with subjective data in conjunction with the first feature is chosen.

Some research data show that the framework of the structure of the seismic damage occurs in the column and beam oer-sewn distally, node by the beam end and column end under axial force, bending moment and shear force, they work together and complex stress state.
Part of the test results and the empirical formula by some countries (such as: the United States, Canada, etc.) of the concrete specification. 1) the United States in the early 1950 s, the test floor column concrete strength is lower than the practice of concrete strength, and was started in 1963, in its concrete specification ACI318, f'ce=0.75 f'cc+0.35 f'cs≤f'cc (1) In the formula，f'ce—Beam-column node reduction strength of concrete； f'cs—Strength of concrete slab (beam)； f'cc—The column of concrete strength。
2) Canada CSAA23.3-94 has a similar norms, the calculating formula for f'ce=0.25 f'cc+1.05 f'cs≤f'cc (2) In the formula，f'ce—Beam-column node reduction strength of concrete； f'cs—Strength of concrete slab (beam)； f'cc—The column of concrete strength。

The bending resistance of the girder can be approximately evaluated with the following relations: Upper subpanel Class 1 or Class 2: (4.a) Upper subpanel Class 3 or Class 4: (4.b) where: - is the bending girder resistance considering that the stiffener is perfectly rigid; - K is a reduction coefficient determined in such a way that the stresses (Figure 2) should not be exceeded in the stiffener area:.
The reduction factor K Analysis example A comparative analysis regarding the pure bending resistance of a plate girder with a longitudinal stiffener located in the compression zone of the web is performed in this worked example.
Design data: Girder cross-section: web 2600x12 mm, flanges 650x30 mm; the girder stiffeners are at the distance of 2500 mm and have sufficient stiffness to create nodal lines for the buckled web; steel S355 for all girder elements.

With the same azimuth resolution, it can achieve much wider swath than conventional SAR due to the reduction of PRF. sub-band synthesis algorithm can improve the range resolution while effective phase center sampling is overlapped.
Comparing with conventional SAR, it can reduce the PRF with the same azimuth resolution, the reduction of PRF can widen the width of the swath.
Digital signal processing of synthetic aperture radar data: algorithms and implementation [M].

Secondly, a test specimen was manufactured by creating NC data from the developed post processor program.
Equation (1) shows that CL data are converted by the rotation of the table, while equation (2) shows that the tool posture vector is converted by tilting
Table 2 shows the results after post-processing CL data extracted from CATIA by Post Works and by E-POST.
In addition, NC data were created by the post-processor program, Post Works and by E-POST to machine an impeller.
The created NC data were simulated by Vericut, as manufactured by the British corporation, CGtech.

To illustrate differences and similarities, some characteristic data are shown in table I.
The data might be too rough an approach, but they indicate some clear hint that there is not much room for luxury in case of the PV manufacturing processes.
The data are a rough indicator for strict constraints in the PV cleaning processes.
A significant reduction of the initial Fe and Cu contamination seems to be possible.
Some data indicate that these levels may be in the range of 10 ppb to some 10 ppb.