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Online since: August 2011
Authors: Huan Yi, Jin Feng Chen
The kinetic data were taken after at least 1 h time on stream at room temperature.
It is evident that all the diffraction peaks (2θ=28.554, 33.081, 47.478, etc.) can be indexed to the cubic fluorite cerium oxide (JCPDS data file 34-0394).
The EDX (Fig.3(b)) confirms the presence of Au element and the Au loading is 1.07 wt.% calculated from the EDX data.
For the Au/CeO2-f sample, the reduction starts at 150 °C with a maximum at 211 °C.
The data show that the CO oxidation activity of Au/CeO2 depends greatly on the morphologies of ceria.
It is evident that all the diffraction peaks (2θ=28.554, 33.081, 47.478, etc.) can be indexed to the cubic fluorite cerium oxide (JCPDS data file 34-0394).
The EDX (Fig.3(b)) confirms the presence of Au element and the Au loading is 1.07 wt.% calculated from the EDX data.
For the Au/CeO2-f sample, the reduction starts at 150 °C with a maximum at 211 °C.
The data show that the CO oxidation activity of Au/CeO2 depends greatly on the morphologies of ceria.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Shankar Kalyanasundaram, Anthony Sexton, Wesley Cantwell, Matthew Doolan
In addition, tensile tests performed on impact-damaged specimens showed a reduction of only 15% in strength after a 20J impact.
According to manufacturer’s data the maximum strain which the glass fibre can endure is between 4-8%.
Failure was not found to occur in the pole region but this data shows that the glass fibres in the FML, even in non-failed regions cannot withstand strain greater than 8%.
Fig. 5 shows that the marginal data points for the FML specimens are between the major strain levels of 4-8%.
This agrees with the data provided by the manufacturers which provides a strain at failure for the glass fibres of 4-8%.
According to manufacturer’s data the maximum strain which the glass fibre can endure is between 4-8%.
Failure was not found to occur in the pole region but this data shows that the glass fibres in the FML, even in non-failed regions cannot withstand strain greater than 8%.
Fig. 5 shows that the marginal data points for the FML specimens are between the major strain levels of 4-8%.
This agrees with the data provided by the manufacturers which provides a strain at failure for the glass fibres of 4-8%.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Md. Hasanuzzaman, R. Saidur, N.A. Rahim
Heat recovery gives direct savings in terms of reduction of fuel consumption as well as indirect savings in reducing environmental impact [11].
Exergy has been calculated by using Equation (1): (1) Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of Processes The expression of energy (η) and exergy (ψ) efficiencies for the principle types of processes are considered in the present study based on the following definitions [13-15]: η = (2) ψ = (3) DATA COLLECTION Data has been collected from Pusat Tenega Malaysia (PTM).
In this study, the data has been collected for an annealing furnace from PTM in January, 2010.
Table 1 Data of an annealing furnace Substance Mass flow rate (kg/s) Temperature ( 0C) Air 0.165 25 Fuel 0.011 25 Hot Product 0.176 1250 Flue gas 0.176 390 ANALYTICAL APPROACHES This section describes about the method used to estimate the energy and exergy use, energy and exergy efficiencies, energy savings and cost benefit for an annealing furnace.
There is a rapid temperature reduction in this process and due to this reason exergy is destroyed rapidly.
Exergy has been calculated by using Equation (1): (1) Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of Processes The expression of energy (η) and exergy (ψ) efficiencies for the principle types of processes are considered in the present study based on the following definitions [13-15]: η = (2) ψ = (3) DATA COLLECTION Data has been collected from Pusat Tenega Malaysia (PTM).
In this study, the data has been collected for an annealing furnace from PTM in January, 2010.
Table 1 Data of an annealing furnace Substance Mass flow rate (kg/s) Temperature ( 0C) Air 0.165 25 Fuel 0.011 25 Hot Product 0.176 1250 Flue gas 0.176 390 ANALYTICAL APPROACHES This section describes about the method used to estimate the energy and exergy use, energy and exergy efficiencies, energy savings and cost benefit for an annealing furnace.
There is a rapid temperature reduction in this process and due to this reason exergy is destroyed rapidly.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Xue Mei Ding, Xiong Ying Wu, Lai Li Wang
System boundary and data.
Data of water input and effluent emission were collected from former published literatures (see Table 1) [13, 14].
Data of water input and effluent emission.
Results and discussion Based on the methodology and collected data, WFs of wool scouring and effluent treatment processes were calculated.
Regulating was the most efficient procedure in reducing WFres, grey through inner backflow to promote the reduction of CODCr.
Data of water input and effluent emission were collected from former published literatures (see Table 1) [13, 14].
Data of water input and effluent emission.
Results and discussion Based on the methodology and collected data, WFs of wool scouring and effluent treatment processes were calculated.
Regulating was the most efficient procedure in reducing WFres, grey through inner backflow to promote the reduction of CODCr.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Jamila Almuhamadi, Natalia Karpukhina, Mike Cattell
Data was collected from 5 o to 120o (2θ), with the X’ Celerator in continuous mode giving data equivalent to a count time of 200 s and an interval of 0.0334 o2θ on a normal diffractometer.
The reduction in glass transition temperatures and dilatometric softening point could be related to the replacement/substitution of Ca+2 in (Di) by Na+ in (Jd).
This is in agreement with data reported by Abo-Mosallam et al. [5] on diopside-jadeite-fluorapatite system.
The prominent crystalline phase shown here is diopside as previously confirmed by XRD data.
This might explain the reduction of the thermal expansion coefficient of these two formulations (see above, Table 1).
The reduction in glass transition temperatures and dilatometric softening point could be related to the replacement/substitution of Ca+2 in (Di) by Na+ in (Jd).
This is in agreement with data reported by Abo-Mosallam et al. [5] on diopside-jadeite-fluorapatite system.
The prominent crystalline phase shown here is diopside as previously confirmed by XRD data.
This might explain the reduction of the thermal expansion coefficient of these two formulations (see above, Table 1).
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Nurul Akmam Naamandadin, Abdul Razak Sapian, Siti Nur Aishah Mohd Noor
The data then will help the designer to arrange the building orientation and determine which side can give the greatest advantages in reducing insulation (and the resulting air-conditioning load).
To get the accurate results, the data must be collected in frequently.
DSF systems give a lot of advantages include good acoustics, ideal thermal insulation and wind pressure effect reduction when compare to normal façade window [9].
A comparative analysis was done based on the secondary data collected from the buildings’ owners.
Data Analysis Buildings Description a) Building 1 ~ Securities Commission Malaysia This building is situated near to Pusat Sains Negara.
To get the accurate results, the data must be collected in frequently.
DSF systems give a lot of advantages include good acoustics, ideal thermal insulation and wind pressure effect reduction when compare to normal façade window [9].
A comparative analysis was done based on the secondary data collected from the buildings’ owners.
Data Analysis Buildings Description a) Building 1 ~ Securities Commission Malaysia This building is situated near to Pusat Sains Negara.
Online since: July 2023
Authors: Bobby Refokry Oeza, Eka Septi Rahmawati, Fahmi Astuti, Darminto Darminto
The performance of NaFePO4 as a cathode of battery materials can be increased by particle size reduction [8].
The TGA curve remained constant with the indication of no mass reduction up to 840°C.
The XRD data confirmed the presence of NaFePO4 phase in all samples.
As the same case with the samples heated in argon, the XRD data also confirmed the presence of maricite NaFePO4 as the main phase and Na3Fe2(PO4)3 as the secondary phase.
Some hkl-planes of NaFePO4 phase detected from the XRD data are (101);(210); (111); (220); (121); and (002).
The TGA curve remained constant with the indication of no mass reduction up to 840°C.
The XRD data confirmed the presence of NaFePO4 phase in all samples.
As the same case with the samples heated in argon, the XRD data also confirmed the presence of maricite NaFePO4 as the main phase and Na3Fe2(PO4)3 as the secondary phase.
Some hkl-planes of NaFePO4 phase detected from the XRD data are (101);(210); (111); (220); (121); and (002).
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Jing Sun, Li Sun, Hongbo Liu
Based on the prediction principle of the surplus service life of building’s durability and through prediction of atmospheric climate change, the data demonstrate the atmospheric environment effect will shorten the life of the building.
Conclusions Through the above data analysis, the following conclusion can be drawn.
Therefore, on one hand, environment protection, energy saving and emission reduction brook no delay; on the other hand it is important we continue to study how to improve the quality and extend the service life of existing buildings.
Conclusions Through the above data analysis, the following conclusion can be drawn.
Therefore, on one hand, environment protection, energy saving and emission reduction brook no delay; on the other hand it is important we continue to study how to improve the quality and extend the service life of existing buildings.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Jose Vicente Aguado, Adrien Leygue, Francisco Chinesta, Elías Cueto
The idea of CV is closely related to model reduction of parametrized partial differential
equations, which consitutes nowadays a very active field of research in applied mathematics and
engineering.
This is achieved using a model order reduction technique, the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD).
Chinesta, Real-time deformable models of non-linear tissues by model reduction techniques, Comput.
Chinesta, Proper generalized decomposition based dynamic data-driven control of thermal processes, Comput.
Cueto, A short review in Model Order Reduction based on Proper Generalized Decomposition, Arch.
This is achieved using a model order reduction technique, the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD).
Chinesta, Real-time deformable models of non-linear tissues by model reduction techniques, Comput.
Chinesta, Proper generalized decomposition based dynamic data-driven control of thermal processes, Comput.
Cueto, A short review in Model Order Reduction based on Proper Generalized Decomposition, Arch.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wei Zhong, Zhou Tian
The applications of the Genetic Algorithm in reduction of the chemical reaction kinetics, estimation of the chemical kinetic parameters and calculation of the chemical kinetic equations were expounded here.
It mainly used to simplify the model of the reaction, make an estimation of the parameters of the reaction and process data of chemical reaction experiments.
The simplified elementary reaction sequences of selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride on modified VPO catalysts were, where R and X represented the state of the catalyst reduction and oxidation states, B n-butane and MA the maleic anhydride.
It mainly used to simplify the model of the reaction, make an estimation of the parameters of the reaction and process data of chemical reaction experiments.
The simplified elementary reaction sequences of selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride on modified VPO catalysts were, where R and X represented the state of the catalyst reduction and oxidation states, B n-butane and MA the maleic anhydride.