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Online since: August 2012
Authors: Lian Chun Long, Zhong Ying Chen, Li Ting Liu
This paper predicts the effect of main parameters to the failure behavior of T300/AG80 composite plate under preload and laser irradiation by experimental testing and data fitting.
The experimental data were fitted to obtain the expression of the materials failure time with preload and laser power density.
In this work, the relation of preload and laser density to time-to-failure for latitudinal specimens was acquired by fitting experimental data, and analyze the impact of the overlay on the life.
The time-to-failure of latitudinal specimens decreased when the laser power densities increased and the decreasing trend was exacerbated as the laser power densities increased further compared with the experimental data of the literature [8].
By surfaces fitting of experimental data, the empirical formula for latitudinal specimens among time-to-failure, pre-stress and laser power densities is given in Eq. 4 for the tension test and in Eq. 6 for the compression test.
The experimental data were fitted to obtain the expression of the materials failure time with preload and laser power density.
In this work, the relation of preload and laser density to time-to-failure for latitudinal specimens was acquired by fitting experimental data, and analyze the impact of the overlay on the life.
The time-to-failure of latitudinal specimens decreased when the laser power densities increased and the decreasing trend was exacerbated as the laser power densities increased further compared with the experimental data of the literature [8].
By surfaces fitting of experimental data, the empirical formula for latitudinal specimens among time-to-failure, pre-stress and laser power densities is given in Eq. 4 for the tension test and in Eq. 6 for the compression test.
Online since: September 2023
Authors: Mohammed Bousseta, Kassem El Assali, Said Elmassi, Lahocine Amiri, Abdelaziz Tchenka, Lahcen Nkhaili, Abdelkader El Kissani, Abdelfattah Narjis, Abdelkader Outzourhit
In addition, optical transmittance data revealed that the optical bandgap of the films decreases with increasing the annealing temperature.
In addition, the WO3 thin film can be used as a catalyst for chemical reactions such as carbon dioxide reduction using solar energy [6].
This increase may be due to the coalescence of the small grains because of the increase in kinetic energy [25, 26] and to the reduction of the joints of the grains [27].
At high temperatures, oxygen can be released from the crystal structure of tungsten oxide, a process known as reduction.
In addition, vacuum annealing can also lead to an increase in grain size and a reduction in the porosity of the WO3 layer, which can influence electrical conductivity.
In addition, the WO3 thin film can be used as a catalyst for chemical reactions such as carbon dioxide reduction using solar energy [6].
This increase may be due to the coalescence of the small grains because of the increase in kinetic energy [25, 26] and to the reduction of the joints of the grains [27].
At high temperatures, oxygen can be released from the crystal structure of tungsten oxide, a process known as reduction.
In addition, vacuum annealing can also lead to an increase in grain size and a reduction in the porosity of the WO3 layer, which can influence electrical conductivity.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Li Rong, Liu Qiu Lin, Zuo-Ren Nie, B.L. Li, Xiao Lan Wu, S.P. Wen, H. Huang
The interaction energy between atoms is deduced from the published thermodynamic or kinetic data [16-18], and the details are as follows:
The interaction potential between the same atoms is calculated as follows[19]:
(3)
in which Ecoh is the cohesive energy.
After MCS of 1´104, the average size of the Zn/Mg clusters in the alloys with Er is smaller than that in the alloys without Er, and the reduction percent is about nineteen percent.
Farther more, the reduction amount of average size and the increment amount of number density of Zn clusters and Zn/Mg clusters increase with enhancement of Er content in the alloys.
Numerical Data and Functional Relationship in Science and Technology (Vol. 25) : Atomic Defects in Metals[M].
Numerical Data and Functional Relationship in Science and Technology (Vol. 5): Phase Equilibra, Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Data of Binary.
After MCS of 1´104, the average size of the Zn/Mg clusters in the alloys with Er is smaller than that in the alloys without Er, and the reduction percent is about nineteen percent.
Farther more, the reduction amount of average size and the increment amount of number density of Zn clusters and Zn/Mg clusters increase with enhancement of Er content in the alloys.
Numerical Data and Functional Relationship in Science and Technology (Vol. 25) : Atomic Defects in Metals[M].
Numerical Data and Functional Relationship in Science and Technology (Vol. 5): Phase Equilibra, Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Data of Binary.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Anatolii Kodrik, Oleksandr Titenko, Andriy Borisov, Sergiy Zhartovskyi, Andriy Shvydenko
The results of experimental and calculated data are presented in Table 4.
The system of equations with respect to the variable d – values of the diameter of the droplet is solved by numerical methods, the data obtained are entered in the column "Effective diameter of the droplet" Table 4.
To obtain a quantitative estimate of the reduction of evaporation of extinguishing agents based on gels during their delivery to the fire, equation that calculates the coefficient of reduction of mass evaporation during their delivery to the fire was used: , (7) where dH, dW – diameters of drops, respectively, in a stream of gel and in a stream of water, according to the data in the column "Effective diameter of a drop" of Table 5, mm; ωH, ωW – droplet velocities, respectively, in the gel jet and in the water jet, according to the data in the column "Effective jet velocity" Table 5; kevap_stat = 0.89 – evaporation coefficient, the value of which is experimentally determined.
The results of experimental studies to assess the reduction of evaporation of extinguishing agents based on gels
Dependence of ignition time and size of the film on the surface on the type of extinguishing agent and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the polymer-based gelling agent according to the method of DSTU 8829-2016 1 – Experimental data.
The system of equations with respect to the variable d – values of the diameter of the droplet is solved by numerical methods, the data obtained are entered in the column "Effective diameter of the droplet" Table 4.
To obtain a quantitative estimate of the reduction of evaporation of extinguishing agents based on gels during their delivery to the fire, equation that calculates the coefficient of reduction of mass evaporation during their delivery to the fire was used: , (7) where dH, dW – diameters of drops, respectively, in a stream of gel and in a stream of water, according to the data in the column "Effective diameter of a drop" of Table 5, mm; ωH, ωW – droplet velocities, respectively, in the gel jet and in the water jet, according to the data in the column "Effective jet velocity" Table 5; kevap_stat = 0.89 – evaporation coefficient, the value of which is experimentally determined.
The results of experimental studies to assess the reduction of evaporation of extinguishing agents based on gels
Dependence of ignition time and size of the film on the surface on the type of extinguishing agent and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the polymer-based gelling agent according to the method of DSTU 8829-2016 1 – Experimental data.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Qing Lu, Yan Qin Sun, Wei Nan Wu
Therefore, restraining the formation of the skeleton textune rhombic hematite during sintering is the basic measure to reduce reduction degradation and enhance the strength of sinter.
After respectively granulating, the permeability of the sinter layers improved, the time of sintering became shorter, he vertical sintering speed became faster, judging from the datas, its RDI+3.15 increased 24.24%, the RDI improved significantly.
Rhombus titanium hematite that caused low temperature reduction degradation reduced significantly.
First of all, rhombus titanium hematite in Vanadium titanium sinter had major effect on the reduction degradation.
Respectively granulating Vanadium-titanium magnetite sinter greatly reduced the major facters that caused reduction degradation.
After respectively granulating, the permeability of the sinter layers improved, the time of sintering became shorter, he vertical sintering speed became faster, judging from the datas, its RDI+3.15 increased 24.24%, the RDI improved significantly.
Rhombus titanium hematite that caused low temperature reduction degradation reduced significantly.
First of all, rhombus titanium hematite in Vanadium titanium sinter had major effect on the reduction degradation.
Respectively granulating Vanadium-titanium magnetite sinter greatly reduced the major facters that caused reduction degradation.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Qian Wang, Ping Qi, Jing Wang, Shuo Li
It is generally believed that the urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is one of the most promising methods to reduce NOX emissions of vehicle diesel engine [2].
Timely correction of urea injection can not only ensure the substantial reduction of NOX emissions with the purpose of meeting the national regulations, but also avoid the leakage of NH3.
In general, each datum drops a little after installing SCR system.
Progress of Research on Reduction NOX Emission of Diesel Engine with NH3-SCR Technology [J].
[2] Selective Catalytic Reduction (Final Report) the most promising technology to comply with the imminent Euro Ⅳ and Ⅴemission standards for HD vehicles [R].
Timely correction of urea injection can not only ensure the substantial reduction of NOX emissions with the purpose of meeting the national regulations, but also avoid the leakage of NH3.
In general, each datum drops a little after installing SCR system.
Progress of Research on Reduction NOX Emission of Diesel Engine with NH3-SCR Technology [J].
[2] Selective Catalytic Reduction (Final Report) the most promising technology to comply with the imminent Euro Ⅳ and Ⅴemission standards for HD vehicles [R].
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Zhi Bo Cheng, Bin Lin, Tao Ma
The testing machine is composed by the low-temperature cabinet, the autoloading system, the data collector and so on.
In the process of loading test, data collection and the end of the experiment is all completely finished by computer automatically controlled over the W3Z - 200 type tester, as shown in figure 1 below.
Through Fig. 4, Fig.5, as we can know from the analysis of test result under the different freezing temperature .The parameters “a” reflect the size of frozen clay ultimate strength, and is linear increased with the reduction of freezing temperature, but the parameters “b” has the trend of linear decreases as the reduction of freezing temperature.
In the process of loading test, data collection and the end of the experiment is all completely finished by computer automatically controlled over the W3Z - 200 type tester, as shown in figure 1 below.
Through Fig. 4, Fig.5, as we can know from the analysis of test result under the different freezing temperature .The parameters “a” reflect the size of frozen clay ultimate strength, and is linear increased with the reduction of freezing temperature, but the parameters “b” has the trend of linear decreases as the reduction of freezing temperature.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Xun Mei Han
Gear: reliable, long life; instantaneous transmission ratio is a constant; reduction efficiency; compact; power and speed and wide range of application.
Under the existing load, calculated as follows: Calculate the motor step angle ratio, according to the required pulse equivalent, step angle θ is calculated as follows: (1) Where: S --- Screw pitch (mm) Δ--- (mm / pulse) i --- reduction ratio Calculate the motor load torque M (2) Where: F --- start unit load (N) --- The total transmission efficiency (here the first to bring 1) Based on the above data, you can choose 17HS001 motor. 17HS001 motor specific parameters shown in Table1.
Table 1. 42HS003 electric stepper motor technical data Motor Model Phase number Step Angle Phase current Drive Voltage Maximum static torque Phase Resistance Phase inductance Weight Supporting the drive 17HS001 2 1.8° 1.7A DC24V 0.45Nm 3.3Ω 3.7mH 0.35Kg ST-2HB02X Match with the stepper motor drive for the ST-2HB02X drive.
Under the existing load, calculated as follows: Calculate the motor step angle ratio, according to the required pulse equivalent, step angle θ is calculated as follows: (1) Where: S --- Screw pitch (mm) Δ--- (mm / pulse) i --- reduction ratio Calculate the motor load torque M (2) Where: F --- start unit load (N) --- The total transmission efficiency (here the first to bring 1) Based on the above data, you can choose 17HS001 motor. 17HS001 motor specific parameters shown in Table1.
Table 1. 42HS003 electric stepper motor technical data Motor Model Phase number Step Angle Phase current Drive Voltage Maximum static torque Phase Resistance Phase inductance Weight Supporting the drive 17HS001 2 1.8° 1.7A DC24V 0.45Nm 3.3Ω 3.7mH 0.35Kg ST-2HB02X Match with the stepper motor drive for the ST-2HB02X drive.
Online since: September 2012
Authors: Qin He Zhang, Ru Po Ma, Pei Qi Wang, Bao Tian Dong
In order to improve the accuracy of simulation, the material is tested by the Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical tester to get the true stress-strain data, and then the VUMAT(User-defined Material Mechanical Behavior) programme is written to define material model.
Besides saving computational, the most important function is that the simulation can be continued on base of element re-meshing and data transfer.
It can be seen that the deformation of the flange is bigger than that of web, because the rolling reduction of vertical roller is larger than that of horizontal roller.
The mechanical property of flange can be decreased through increasing the flange reduction, but that of web be improved.
Besides saving computational, the most important function is that the simulation can be continued on base of element re-meshing and data transfer.
It can be seen that the deformation of the flange is bigger than that of web, because the rolling reduction of vertical roller is larger than that of horizontal roller.
The mechanical property of flange can be decreased through increasing the flange reduction, but that of web be improved.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Dmitrii Chechushkov, Yakov Novikov
Data load units and set in the power transformers are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
Fig. 2 - Single-line diagram of the test network Table 1 - Load test network substations № of node 1 bus bar, {МVА} 2 bus bar, {МVА} № of node 1 bus bar, {МVА} 2 bus bar, {МVА} 11 2.7+i0.9 3.2+i1.12 15 0.82+i0.9 0.6+i0.6 17 0.25+i0.1 0 23 0.56+i0.675 0.36+i0.9 19 0.54+i0.29 0.06+i0.07 7 1+i0.45 1.3+i1.4 10 2+i1.7 1.3+i1.68 9 0.7+i0.675 0.5+i0.775 6 0.2+i0.45 1+i0.84 5 1.3+i0.4 1.5+i0.3 16 2.5+i1.18 2.4+i1.21 14 1.8+i0.7 1.5+i0.6 20 0.6+i0.43 1+i0.77 22 0.78+i0.73 0.39+i0.69 12 3.2+i0.95 3.4+i1.35 13 2+i0.15 1.9+i0.2 Table 2 - Data of transformer № of node R, {Ohm} X, {Ohm} G, {S} B, {S} Kt S, {kVA} 7, 9, 11, 19, 22 1.48 24.4 7.51 46.3 0.177 6300 17, 10, 20, 5 2.72 24.4 5.44 32.7 0.175 4000 6, 16, 14, 2.72 24.4 5.44 32.7 0.175 16000 12 , 13, 15, 23 0.788 10.5 9.23 44.3 0.174 10000 Resistivities lines are 0.25 0.4 Ohm / km.
Damage reduction is achieved by reducing the amount of load shedding for consumers and reduces the duration of a power outage at consumers. 3.
Kling, “Dynamic reduction of distribution networks with dispersed generation”, International Conference on Future Power Systems (FPS), Amsterdam, Netherlands, November 2005., [2] A.
Fig. 2 - Single-line diagram of the test network Table 1 - Load test network substations № of node 1 bus bar, {МVА} 2 bus bar, {МVА} № of node 1 bus bar, {МVА} 2 bus bar, {МVА} 11 2.7+i0.9 3.2+i1.12 15 0.82+i0.9 0.6+i0.6 17 0.25+i0.1 0 23 0.56+i0.675 0.36+i0.9 19 0.54+i0.29 0.06+i0.07 7 1+i0.45 1.3+i1.4 10 2+i1.7 1.3+i1.68 9 0.7+i0.675 0.5+i0.775 6 0.2+i0.45 1+i0.84 5 1.3+i0.4 1.5+i0.3 16 2.5+i1.18 2.4+i1.21 14 1.8+i0.7 1.5+i0.6 20 0.6+i0.43 1+i0.77 22 0.78+i0.73 0.39+i0.69 12 3.2+i0.95 3.4+i1.35 13 2+i0.15 1.9+i0.2 Table 2 - Data of transformer № of node R, {Ohm} X, {Ohm} G, {S} B, {S} Kt S, {kVA} 7, 9, 11, 19, 22 1.48 24.4 7.51 46.3 0.177 6300 17, 10, 20, 5 2.72 24.4 5.44 32.7 0.175 4000 6, 16, 14, 2.72 24.4 5.44 32.7 0.175 16000 12 , 13, 15, 23 0.788 10.5 9.23 44.3 0.174 10000 Resistivities lines are 0.25 0.4 Ohm / km.
Damage reduction is achieved by reducing the amount of load shedding for consumers and reduces the duration of a power outage at consumers. 3.
Kling, “Dynamic reduction of distribution networks with dispersed generation”, International Conference on Future Power Systems (FPS), Amsterdam, Netherlands, November 2005., [2] A.