Search results

At any level the discontinuity approaches that of common grain boundary.
Many additional satellite spots were attributed to the grains of second phase.
Model of nanoscale grain grown by regular twinning.
Therefore, the general rule is applied that the lowest integer numbers are to be taken as Miller indices.
Technological parameters of the samples obtained by PLD Sample number Layer Target Substrate Substrate temperature [K] Thickness [nm] Pulse number Fig.

It is established that limiting the number of articles to be analyzed, if necessary, must be done by ordering the identified articles by number of citations and choosing between the following options: first decile; first quartile.
They are ordered by number of citations and the eligibility of the first decile is studied, that is, of the 9 most cited.
Table 2 lists 51 keywords, of which only two appear in a significant number of works.
With low VED the density of the boundary grain increases, so the cutting forces are lower when the tool axis is parallel to the main axis of the grain and higher when the position of the tool generates planes of the shear bands transverse to the columnar grains. [24] Other studies.
The HM process plans is reduced to the combination of a finite number of AM and SM primitives, integrated into a Boolean expression.

When 0.3 wt% Sb2O5 was added, the number and size of pores reduced obviously.
It is clear that the number of pores reduced obviously with addition of Sb2O5.
However, a tendency of grain size increasing was able to be seen as shown in Fig. 4, in which the average grain size with 1.2 wt% addition of Sb2O5 almost doubled compared to that of 0.6 wt% Sb2O5 amount.
Since effective ionic radius of Sb5+ with 8 coordination number (0.060 nm[6]) is very close to that of Ti4+ (0.0605 nm[6]) and much smaller than that of Ba2+ with 12 coordination number (0.161 nm [6]).
Further decrease of dielectric loss when Sb2O5 amount is more than 0.6 wt% is considered as the result of grain growth.

The number of possible materials thereby decreases.
Metallurgical material properties are the structure, grain size, etc.
There is no distinct fine- or coarse-grained zone.
The heat-affected zone 1 of the 1.0338 or 1.0312 material shows a ferritic fine-grained structure that turns into a coarse-grained zone towards the weld seam.
This coarse-grained structure gradually turns into a fine-grained structure when the distance increases.

The need for innovative applications for the reuse of waste materials has led to a considerable number of research activities focused on the properties of the concrete containing waste material.
Results and Discussion Determination of grain-size curve of recycled rubber.
The resulting grain-size curves are shown graphically in Figure 1.
Results of grain-size curve determination: (A) comparative sample of standard aggregates PG1, PG2, PG3; (B) rubber granulate sample with the grain-size of 0/1 mm; (C) rubber granulate sample with the grain-size of 1/3 mm.
The mean grain size was determined for the individual material types in the diagrams.

After the application of pulsed electric field into Al-Cu-Mn alloy melt, the movement of atoms is accelerated, and the number of segregation units of Al-Cu-Mn is increased, as a result the number of the second phase is increased; generating the remarkable aging strengthening.
The series of alloys are restricted for the poor casting performance; the grain refinement can effectively alter the casting performance.
Electric pulse modification (EPM) has been developed rapidly as a new type grain refining technology, which is carried out in liquid metal by means of exerting the pulse electric field and attaining a high quality casting structure accordingly [6-10].

A number of samples were left as-cast.
Only on a number of weld samples can the dendritic microstructure be seen, however the BM grain structure is much more defined and easier to see, before, it is suspected that oxidization occurs to the alloy surface.
The large grain structure, as detailed in the work by Kermandis et al; shows the dark etching eutectic phase and the light etching a (Al-rich) area along the grain boundaries.
(a) (b) Figure 6: 2139 Aluminium Alloy, T4, indicating (a) right side WM, fusion boundary, left side BM and grain structure, (b) 2139 microstructure showing grain structure.
Howe, Grain boundary precipitation in an Al-4.0Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Ag alloy, Acta Metall Mater 1992;40:2451-62

A number of studies suggest that the surrounding phase could improve the wettability of binder and core so as to bond the hard phase and metal binder phase well, and the surrounding phase also hinder titanium carbonitride grain growth so as to enhance the toughness of the cermets.
Because the surrounding phase could inhibit the approaching of Ti(C,N) particles with each other, hindering the grain growth and conglomeration of Ti(C,N) grains, the hard phase grains would be fine and disperse evenly.
A number of studies shown that when add small amount of C (no more than 0.5wt%) into the raw materials for preparing Ti(C,N)-based cermets, the h phase(Ni3Ti) and TiO phase, remained by incomplete deoxidization, would be formed, thus deteriorating the bending strength and toughness of the cermets.
It is the fundamental purpose that trying to improve the sintering process, make the rim phase size less than 0.5mm, inhibit the grains of hard phase grew up.
Therefore, in recent decades, most of research were focus on the factors, which include about composition design of powder, grain refinement, ultra-fine/nano powder and sintering technology[20].

Ceria finer grain size produces smooth and continuous Debye-Scherrer rings (Fig. 2a), which allows good peak fitting for each recorded CCD image.
In Fig. 3a, we plot the 2θ evolution obtained for all the images (labelled by their number), for a specific angle ψ=21°, considering that each recorded CCD image is linked to a specific temperature through a specific evolution plotted on Fig. 3b.
Figure 3: Plotted evolution of ZnO (00.2) reflexion vs image number without any correction (a), temperature versus time (b) and experimental and theoretical slopes of the ε vs sin²(ψ) linear fits(c).
Hydrogen atoms occupy sites on the surface and at grain boundaries [12] which are in large concentration in sputtered ZnO thin layers.
Latter evolution could be related to mechanisms such as dissociation, recombination of defects, grain boundaries modification or phase transformation.

(b) Distribution of cobalt in a WC-10%Co bi-layer specimen with difference in grain size sintered at 1400 °C for 1 h. [48] But when difference WC grain size exists in each layer, a difference LPM pressure can be obtained and lead to LPM[44, 46, 48, 49, 55, 59].Fig. 11(a) shows the smaller liquid channels among the finer grains compared with the larger liquid channels among coarser grains.
Two cases of initial identical WC grain sizes but different Co contents (Fig. 14a) and identical initial Co contents but different WC grain sizes (Fig. 14b)were presented [63].
In the multi-component system with phases and components, the interfacial free energy density is in the form of (19) where N is the local number of phases, η is the interfacial width and is the interface energy between phase α and β.
In the WC-Co system, the contiguity of carbide phase is defined as[64]: (25) where the factor of 2 is due to the SS grain boundaries formed by two adjacent WC grains.
After LPM , WC grains are reoriented to form a great number of 90º dihedral angles[66], while the assumed isotropic SL interface energy of WC lead to a sphere shape after SS interface segregation.