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At present, the concept of "the volume stability of concrete is one of the main factors affecting the durability of concrete" has attracted enough attention in the field of concrete research.
According to statistics, the eighty percent cracks were caused by the shrinkage deformation of concrete for the concrete structure in practical using [5], the deformation properties of concrete material itself is essential for the crack of concrete structure.
The results showed that the diurnal temperature cycling, the year (season) temperature cycling, the extreme temperature and the length of rainy season were the main factors that affected the coupled heat and moisture behavior of concrete, and pointed out that the relative humidity was not suitable for the characterization of the concrete moisture content under cyclic climate conditions.
Liu et al. [13, 14] study on the simulation temperature field and humidity field of concrete also is based on the porous medium properties of concrete.
Downie, etc, Effect of moisture and temperature on the mechanical properties of concrete, Constr.

Among them, the most widely investigated materials are temperature and pH responsive hydrogels because both of them are important affecting environmental factors for human body.
There still are some problems, such as poor mechanical properties and the inability to control the size and shape of fibers.
Thus, PNIPA network is used to form interpenetrating network (IPN) with Ca-alginate in order to provide temperature response, and also improve mechanical property.
Different diameter of PNIPA/Ca-alginate hydrogel fibers was prepared by changing core and sheath relative flow rates and their swelling properties were investigated.
Mechanical property.

The simulation uses standard finite software is able to solve complex thermo-mechanical problems.
The chip segmentation affects the machining process such as cutting forces,temperature and workpiece surface quality,so a comprehensive realizing of this phenomena is essential.
(2) In order to achieve optimum simulation results,the MJC was chosen in the simulation.According to the work of Li and He[2],the constitutive material constants used in the simulation are reported in table 1.The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are given in the table 2.
Table 1 Parameters of the JC law[2] A (Mpa) B (Mpa) n C m 968 380 0.421 0.0197 0.577 Table 2 Mechanical properties of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V Tensile stress(MPa) Yield stress (Mpa) Elongation (%) Reduction in area(%) Young modulus(GPa) Hardness (HV) Density (g/cm3) 940 857 10 25 117 340 4.5 Due to the Johnson-Cook model can not directly degrade the yield surface.
This section only change the single factor,which is the cutting depth,to analyse the influence of the cutting depth on serrated degree and the tooth width.

The improvement of these properties are related to close and homogeneous association of reactive powders and to the decrease of specific surface area favoring the powders hydration process enhancing setting reaction rate.
Fast-setting calcium phosphate cements for bone reconstruction are good candidates due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity properties and their ease of use as mouldable and injectable self-setting pastes [1].
Several groups have explored the possibility to improve cement paste cohesiveness during injection using the rheological properties of natural and synthetic polymer additives [4-5].
Another approach consists in controlling reactive powders particle size and particle size distribution which are determining factors affecting paste cohesiveness, hydration process and mechanical properties of cements [2, 6-7].
Recently, calcium carbonate-calcium phosphate mixed (CaCO3-CaP) cements have been presented as promising resorbable bone cements [8] and the rheological properties of these original cement compositions are just beginning to be explored.

The accuracy of this non-destructive monitoring technique relies upon several factors: some factors are distinctive of the equipment and software (SW) selected for the measurements/post-processing (i.e. distortion of the lenses, interpolation and correlation algorithms) whilst others are defined and controlled by the operator before and during the test (i.e. superficial speckle pattern and light distribution).
Among these factors, the surface preparation seems to play an important role on the precision of the measurements and it is recommended to have a surface showing a random pattern of dots, as much as possible non-repetitive, isotropic and with high-contrast chromatic areas, so that each point of the surface could be recognized and tracked by the DIC.
These tools were employed to calculate the evolution of the principal strains during the mechanical test (Fig. 7b) and the main masonry mechanical properties.
a) b) Figure 7: Position of the three virtual extensometers on the rear wall face (a) and resulting stress-strain diagram (dotted lines) compared with LVDTs measurements (b) Table 3: Comparison of the mechanical properties determined by LVDTs and DIC ε’m [%] ε’t [%] E [MPa] ν G [MPa].
Digital image correlation analysis of interfacial debonding properties and fracture behavior in concrete, Eng.

The selected parameters affecting the characteristics of turned parts are: workpiece properties (boundaries and length), cutting tool parameters (tool overhang and tool vibration) and cutting parameters (depth of cut, feed rate, cutting speed) [8].
A simulation of machining, in steps of 10 mm is given in Tab. 2 and a very small variation of dynamic properties of the workpiece is showed.
Results indicated that the feed rate is the only significant factor affecting the surface roughness.
The cutting speed and feed rate are the most influential factors on cutting time and productivity.
Claesson, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 11, (1997) 459-489

Introduction In recent years, as reported by many researchers [1-9], it has become clear that high strength steels such a high carbon chromium bearing steel, JIS-SUJ2, exhibit complicated S-N properties in the very high cycle regime.
In the case of safety-design for mechanical structures, the duplex S-N property of the structural steels should be clarified as the fundamental reference data [6, 7].
Oguma, Characteristic S-N properties of high-carbon-chromium-bearing steel under axial loading in long-life fatigue, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 25 (2002) 765-773
Ueda, Factors influencing the mechanism of superlong fatigue failure in steels, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 22 (1999) 581-590
Peterson, Stress Concentration Design Factors, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, (1962) 50

The results suggest, the bearing capacity at high temperature is influenced by these three main factors: thermal damage resulted from the elevated temperature, the thermal stresses and the original load.
Introduction The properties of structural materials are greatly affected under high temperature caused by fire, which lead to the damage, failure or even collapse of structures.
Both methods take into account the variety of material properties against temperature, for instance, ultimate strength, yield strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of temperature [2, 3], which implies the degradation of material properties.
Thermal damage evolving equation based on residual strength at high temperature As already observed, mechanical properties of materials will decrease with the increase of temperature, and from damage mechanics viewpoint, these degradations resulting from high temperature lead to the forming of holes or defects, which is called the thermal damage.
Analysis: Three factors influence the bearing capacity at high temperature: 1.

The XFEM properties for the modelling approach are shown in Table 1.
The XFEM properties for predicting the tensile response of hybrid composites.
This could be due to several factors.
Sarkar, Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Bamboo/GFRP and Jute/GFRP Composites, Materials Today: Proceedings. 2 (2015) 1398–1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.059.978 [5] P.S.
Ojha, R. inala, Evaluation of mechanical and tribological properties of bamboo–glass hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite, Journal of Industrial Textiles. 46 (2016) 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083715569376

Introduction Internal corrosion of in service natural gas gathering pipeline is affected by many factors[1], including natural gas temperament, fittings geometry and flow conditions and other factors, if using experimental methods to study corrosion location , we will face a long study period, high cost and the need to invest a lot of human and material resources and other issues.
CO2 Corrosion Factors [1] There are numerous CO2 corrosion factors, such as temperature, CO2 partial pressure, moisture content and so on.
Flow corrosion is a metal damage phenomenon due to the rapid relative motion between the metal surface and corrosive fluids, it is the result of synergy between electrochemical corrosion which is caused by electrochemical factors, and mechanical erosion, caused by hydrodynamic factors, is also an important reason that damages various pumps, valves, piping and other components in oil, chemicals, water conservancy, hydropower and other industries.
There are many factors that affect corrosion rate, such as the adhesion and density of corrosion product film, FeCO3, and CO2 partial pressure of corrosion medium.
According to analysis of flow characteristics, corrosion properties of the low-speed vortex zone and the actual working conditions, we can predict the location where corrosion may occur on pipe inner wall surface in the area, then test it regularly.