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Nascimento1, a, M.C.A. da Silva 2,b ¹ Alvorada street, number 239, General Dutra, Paulo Afonso – BA, Brazil. ² Marcondes Ferraz Street, 200, General Dutra, Paulo Afono – BA, Brazil.
Results and discussions The average grain size of the samples not changes under annealing up to 1100°C.
Higher temperatures the grain growth was observed, as shown in Fig. 4.
Arai et al.¹ reported a remarkable grain growth in rapidly solidified ribbons after annealing above 800°C.
Which it was only imputing to antiphase domain B2 growth, because there was no grain growth observed

At the same time, it is necessary to make sure that the number of each parameter is measured more than 100 times.
The widmannstatten structure is composed of originally coarse β grain and continuous purfle α phase.
There are many fine weave-like intragranular α phase layers distributing in the coarse β grain(Fig. 2 a).
The fine basketweave structure is also composed of originally coarse β grain and purfle α phase, but the β grain is smaller than widmannstatten’ and the purfle α phase is discontinuous.
Yang, Refining mechanisms of grains in the adiabatic shear band of TC18 titanium alloy, J.

Introduction Settling of solid grains in a two-phase liquid-solid is a phenomenon common to several metallurgical processes including liquid-phase sintering (LPS).
Gravity induced solid-liquid segregation leads to non-uniform sintered properties due to grain size, grain shape, and solid-volume fraction dependence on vertical position [1].
However, if the density difference is small, grains settle with lower velocity, which allows time to form solid skeleton at a lower packing density.
Solid skeleton topology Let us assume that the rectangular experimental region is replaced by finite difference mesh containing a finite number of grid points mn× and defined by grid spacings ∆x and ∆y for Cartesian coordinates x and y, respectively.
Results and discussion For simulation of gravity induced skeletal settling combined with extrication during LPS of W-Ni we used simulation method defined above as well as previous defined simulation method for grain growth by grain boundary migration during LPS [6].

The grains are plate-like with a high density of stacking faults and dislocations predominantly lying within (0001) planes.
Fig.1(b) is higher magnification of Fig.1(a), exhibiting the microstructural feature within a Ti3AlC2 grain.
The Ti3AlC2 grain has already been exfoliated between its layers, and exhibits a striated pattern.
It is worth noting that the stripes essentially are regularly arranged parallel to the plane of the plate-like grain, and the spacing interval is about tens of times larger than the interval between the edge-sharing Ti3C2 layers in Ti3AlC2 grain.
Because the good ductility of Cu(Al) alloy phase surrounding elongated along the direction of tensile stress, and consequently formed a larger number of dimples on the fracture face.

From Fig.1 (a), the Al film with many disk-like grains is found to be relatively smooth and dense without visible pores.
Some large grain molten drops are accelerated to impact on the surface and deposit by bias voltage during film deposition process, forming disk-like grains.
During the multi-arc ion plating process, a number of Ar + sputter the surface of Al film and make some Al grain without good adhesion to fall off from the substrate.
A dense Al film with small grains is formed on the surface of TiAl substrate.
From Fig.5(c, d), there are no spallation and cracks on the surface of specimens, and there are small size grains distributed on the surface.

Furthermore, examination of the microstructures by scanning electron microscopy showed that silicon substitution inhibited grain growth at high sintering temperatures.
Although bone bonds directly to the surface of HA, the number of medical applications of HA are limited, primarily due to its relatively poor mechanical properties and slow rate of osseointegration compared to some other bioceramics [1].
In particular carbonate substitution significantly reduces the sintering temperature, required to achieve near-full density and equivalent grain size of the ceramic compared to phase pure HA.
The density and grain structure of the samples were determined by immersion in water and scanning electron microscopy respectively.
Figure 2, shows the grain structure of HA and 1.5SiHA samples sintered at 1100, 1200 and 1300°C.

Polycrystalline material is a material which comprises of many grains; grain distance gives a contribution for the mechanism of electron transport in material.
Based on the Fig. 3, increasing Cu doped will decrease the average grain size of material.
The consequences grain boundary become smaller, therefore it could tend to decreasing the resistivity due to mechanism of transport electron become easier in the material that consist of smaller size grain boundaries [7].
It could tend to decrease the interaction of ferromagnetic due to decreasing of grain size.
Acknowledgment Universitas Indonesia financially supported this world under research grant “Hibah Publikasi Internasional Terindeks 9 (PIT 9)” with grant contact number NKB-0021/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019 References [1] K.P.

The increasing of grain size and length of nanorod growth will increase dye loading.
As the growth temperature increases, the grain size and length of nanorod increase.
To obtain the relation of the effect of growth temperature on grain size and NR length, the curve is shown in Fig. 4.
Curve of ZnO NR growth temperature to (a) grain size (b) nanorod length (a) (b) (c) Fig. 5.
It can be caused by number of orbitals which overlaps with the increasing of crystal size so that the energy level decreases and the thickness of the bandgap becomes thinner [13].

In addition, the number of coating layers was varied from 1-layer, 2-layers and 3-layers (hereafter referred to as x-L).
Notably, when the number of coating layers was increased from 1 to 2 (Fig. 3(a)), there was an obvious effect on the EMI shielding.
Finer nano-grains are observed on the films.
Notably, increasing the thickness of the film, not only raised its index of crystalline (IOC), but also enhanced the nano-grains growth because of the longer sputtering duration.
Due to a large number of voids, the EMI shielding of the multi-coated specimens deteriorated.

The observed co-deposited Molybdenum Atomic percentage variation in alloy was investigated for grain size, porosity in structure and surface roughness.
In our present work the concentration is made on the effect of plating parameters (like pH, potential, current density, bath composition) and Mo molar ratio in Phosphate bath on grain size, porosity and surface roughness.
During the analysis an important effect of TOFF on the growth of honeycomb like grain structures (amorphous / nanocrystalline) were noticed.
The first column shows sample number.