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Online since: March 2018
Authors: Birgit Awiszus, Martin F.X. Wagner, Sebastian Härtel, Marcel Graf, Alexander Bauer, Wolfgang Förster, Dagmar Bublikova, Bohuslav Masek
For measurements of the temperature during the heat treatment process, an ALMEMO 2890-9 data logger was applied with the associated software.
Note that the material data were of minor importance because the focus was simply on the temperature development, controlled by the heat transfer and emission coefficients.
Therefore, this process route was used to calibrate the numerical simulation with the experimental data.
With the use of these different heat transfer coefficients in the numerical simulation, a good agreement was achieved with the experimental data, as it can be seen in Figure 7.
Measured and simulated temperatures for entire heat treatment (left) and for cooling process (right) of route 1 Figure 7 shows that some variations remain between the data from the thermocouples and the evaluated points in the FEA.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Sergey Panin, Т. Маndoung, Ludmila Kornienko, М.A. Poltaranin, L.R. Ivanova
One can also see data on changing friction coefficient at filling UHMWPE by the PP powder.
Thus, in spite of double reduction of ultimate strength and almost four-times diminishing of the elongation at failure its wear resistance is twice higher in contrast with one of pure UHMWPE.
Data on the degree of crystallinity (χ) for all investigated compositions are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
It is seen that adding the nano-fillers gives rise to reduction of the ultimate strength of composites based on this mixture.
It is seen that the value of roughness for the composites with different types of nanofillers clearly correlates with the wear intensity data.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Ying Jun Mao, Gim Guan Chen, Ramana Murthy, Swee Kiat Eugene Tan
Introduction Polyimide coatings are successfully being used as inter-metal dielectrics [1, 2], for planarization of surface topography and overburden variation reduction [3] and for MEMS applications as structure or sacrificial material [4].
(a) SEM image of the cavity filled with polyimide and excess polyimide etched in the field area; (b) SEM image of the cavity filled with polyimide after CMP The surface profiling data of the densely placed and isolated test structures, before and after CMP are depicted in Figure 4 and 5 respectively.
The surface profiling data of the densely placed test structures, before and after CMP Fig. 5.
The surface profiling data of the isolated placed test structures, before and after CMP Conclusions The paper elaborates a wafer level polyimide filling and planarization process scheme, where the test structures are realized in 200mm wafer in different pattern densities, leading to over-burden variation of more than 6mm.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Aleksandr Korovin, Igor Skirnevskiy
.); 2 video surveillance systems; 3 data management systems (image data bases indexation); 4 interactivity systems; 5 life reconstruction video systems; 6 image processing systems (medical data processing, tomographic segmentation, video parsing) This work represents the approach to the development of optimal methods of segmentation of tomographic volume searching system.
The main points of tomographic data processing are object selection, absolute position definition and shape processing.
The main aim of image-denoising algorithm is to achieve both noise reduction and feature preservation.
It is often necessary to estimate the type of noise (and the main parameters of its probability density function) before making a solution of noise reduction.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Hong Ying Chen, Wen Tian Luo
Takeoff flight path definition and calculation formula An airplane’s climb gradient, as we would compute it from the basic data including the drag polar and the thrust data, is called the gross gradient, and the flight path so computed is called the gross takeoff flight path.
(b) The net takeoff flight path data must be determined so that they represent the actual takeoff flight paths (determined in accordance with FAR25.111 and with paragraph (a) of this section) reduced at each point by a gradient of climb equal to— (1) 0.8 percent for two-engine airplanes; (2) 0.9 percent for three-engine airplanes; and (3) 1.0 percent for four-engine airplanes.
(c) The prescribed reduction in climb gradient may be applied as an equivalent reduction in acceleration along the takeoff flight path at which the airplane is accelerated in level flight [4].
(f) For the purposes of this section, it is assumed that the airplane is not banked before reaching a height of 50 feet, as shown by the takeoff path or net takeoff flight path data (as appropriate) in the Airplane Flight Manual, and thereafter that the maximum bank is not more than 15 degrees.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Xiao Peng Song, Guo Jun Zhang, Meng Ran Liu, Ze Ming Jian, Hong Liu
When the sound spreads of the soil, it will produce reduction.
The main factor of reduction is energy absorption result from the soil elastic viscous.
Knocking the surface by steel hammer so that engender pulse and gathering information by NI data acquisition card, estimating the angles of sensor located and factual in real time. 3.2 Result: As shown in figure 2(b), with the change of temperature, the sensitivity of the sensor changes small.
(a)Spring (b)Summer (c)Autumn (d)Winter Fig.3 Measuring angle and actual angle curve in different month In order to show the data clearly, draw the average of each measuring angle for four seasons, as shown in Table 1.
With analyzing and processing data of four different seasons signals, then drawing the angle table.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Mircea Lobonţiu, Sándor Ravai Nagy, Adrian Petrovan, Gabriela Lobontiu
The rapid and accurate estimation of the costs involved in the development of the product, and the reduction of the manufacturing cycle makes competition much easier, and the success chances, and implicitly the chances of profit maximization, increase considerably.
The practical implications of using management concepts of knowledge and data involved in the life cycle of the product are seen only as instruments to assist the development process of new products [7].
In this context, we propose the use of JESS rules to process data within the ontology, due to the easy access from the Protégé environment to the JESS rule engine.
Example of input data: output speed 500 rpm, output torque 420 Nm and height from the ground of the output shaft from the reducer 375 mm.
Taking into account that we can rapidly provide specification data of sub-assemblies from the structure of complex technological products, we consider that it is right to develop the concept and implement the ontology in the development of technological products, as it provides solutions through which the manufacturing cycle can be reduced for a product in order to rapidly meet the demand on the market.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Leny Yuliati, Hendrik O. Lintang, Salasiah Endud, Mohamad Azani Jalani
For preparation of AuNPs, several methods such as calcination, thermal hydrogen reduction, photoreduction, and inorganic hosts were widely been used [4,5].
From the TEM images in Fig. 2b, the structure of mesoporous silica having uniform hexagonal arrangement were clearly observed, thus supported the XRD data of the as-fabricated silica film of the gold nanocomposites having interpore distance of 4.0 to 5.0 nm.
TEM images in Fig. 3b confirmed the formation of the AuNPs after calcination having average particle size within the range of 30 to 50 nm, which was in quite a good agreement with calculation using Scherrer’s equation of the XRD data.
Characterization of the resulting AuNPs showed that calcination gave AuNPs with particle size of 27.8 nm using Scherrer’s equation which was in good agreement of the TEM data.
Moreover, the XRD data confirmed the formation of smaller particle size of AuNPs compared to bulk (41.4 nm) after the calcination process that was also in good agreement with the UV-vis investigation.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Ji Dong Li, Ming Jie Zhang, Yi Yong Wang, Xin Gang Ai
But the electrochemistry research report for Li2CO3 in lithium reduction is little [7, 8].
When over voltage enter into the Tafel zone with current density in range of 0.1 to 0.3A·cm-2, the Tafel equation obtained by the least square fit of data is shown as Eq. 2
When over voltage enter into the Tafel zone with current density in range of 0.1 to 0.4A·cm-2, the Eq. 4 obtained by the least square fit of data is shown as follow
When α=0.56, So The result deduced is close to the slope value of linear equation 4 by fitting experiment data.
In the same way, when or step is the rate-determining, the slope of Tafel formula deduced is very small, which is different from the data calculated by experiment.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Fatayalkadri Citrawati, Md Zakaria Quadir, Paul Munroe
Further reduction was carried out through another cold rolling process producing 0.27 mm thick sheet.
This data will be published elsewhere (to be submitted).
The acquired orientation data was analyzed utilizing HKL Channel 5 software.
For h-fiber, its area fraction data has excluded Goss.
These increments are accompanied by reductions in g- and h- fibers.
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