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Under the same rough grain and the same coarse structure, the minimal nominal oil film thickness is greater than the corresponding value of the different coarse structure during the period of Newtonian fluid; and the conclusion is contrary under the non-Newton fluid condition.
Fig.8 is total force in x direction for different harmonic number, and Fig.9 is pressure distribution for harmonic number 100.
When the harmonic number is larger, for example, number is 100; the pressure distribution curve is not smooth, see Fig.9.
And is only half of the number 0.
(2) The bearing capacity enhance with the increase of the harmonic numbers, the total force changes little when the number is more than 3, but the effective load interval becomes larger when the numbers decreases

Then, TEM analysis proved that the grain size of this spinel is in the range of 20 nm.
The analysis was conducted by grinding the sample with KBr of spectroscopy grade and scanned over the wave number in the range of 4000–400 cm‒1 [35, 36].
According to this method, the grain size can be defined as the average of the size at five different spots.
Using this method, it was found that the grain size of the sample calcined 600 °C is 19.8 nm.
Acknowledgment We thank the Minister of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for providing research funding through the contract number 179/SP2H/LT/DRPM/2019.

The technique of deposition of three-component multi-layered composite coatings with nano-sized grain structure and thickness of sublayers on working surfaces of end mills has been developed.
For coatings with thicknesses of 6 and 8 µm, the stress level is 26-31% lower, depending on thickness of the upper layer, and that is explained by lower number of defects in thinner coatings, while the changes in the structural parameters of MCCs with the upper layers TiZrN and TiCN upon variation of thicknesses of layers are of the same nature.
Meanwhile, the values of the parameters affecting chip formation and contact processes correlate with the serial number of metal of the compound (nitrides, carbides) in each of IV-VI groups of the Periodic Table of Elements with a kind of anomaly for nitrides of VI group.
The grains of the wear-resistant layer of MCC obtained through the FCVAD technology were 15-20 nm in size, and that allows classifying the obtained MCC as nano-dispersed MCC, while the sizes of grains in coating of similar composition obtained using standard technique of arc-PVD are up to 120-160 nm (see Table 1).
Summary The technique to obtain three-component multi-layered composite coatings with nano-sized grain structure and thicknesses of sublayers has been developed, which significantly improves the efficiency of carbide end mills.

To obtain fracture toughness properties of the HAZ, a number of workers [5, 6] carried out experimental work using specially manufactured weldments with the weld preparation designed to produce a HAZ perpendicular to the plate surface.
SCGRHAZ comprises bainite with a prior austenite grain size of ~ 30� m.
The microstructure of ICGHAZ is coarse grained martensite and bainite decorated with fine grained ferrite and carbide precipitates.
The grain size is very variable but typically between 10� m and 100� m.
To distinguish it from unaltered GCHAZ microstructure with 100� m grain size, this microstructure is referred to as the medium grain coarsened HAZ.

In [16], iodine was used to obtain coatings on a number of inorganic powder materials; however, it was not used for diffusion saturation of steel.
The advantage of iodine is its high reactivity to a number of metals.
The average grain size is about 0.5 microns.
The grains do not have a pronounced cut or texture.
So the average grain size increases to 2.5 microns, the average pore size - 1 micron (Figure 12b).

IF steels are generally cold rolled up to 70-80% to obtain pancaked grain microstructure during which maximum amount of strain energy is stored at the grain boundaries [2, 5].
In the case of below Tnr in Fig. 2 (d) ferrite grains appear in the fine pancaked structure, whereas fragmentation of cementite is present which is aligned along the elongated grain boundaries in the rolling direction.
Large number of deformation bands are present in the alloy 1.
However in this case we observe shear bands are confined to {111} grains.
This decrease in intensity might be due to the presence of a large number of second phase boundaries in HSS.

Optimization Studies on Flocculant aided Filtration of Very-fine Grained Alkaline Leach Slurry Using Central Composite Rotatable Design Md.
The study reported in this paper is on the filtration behavior of very-fine grained alkaline leach slurry containing dissolved uranyl carbonate using commercial flocculants and dewatering surfactants.
The number of tests required for CCRD includes the standard 2k factorial with its origin at the center, 2k points fixed axially at a distance, say β, from the center to generate the quadratic terms, and replicate tests at the center; where k is the number of variables.
For three variables, the recommended number of tests at the center is six.
Hence the total number of tests required for the three independent variables (IF 477 dosage, CTAB dosage and temperature) is 23 + (2×3) + 6 = 20.

For a certain thickness of samples, the deformation value is at the micrometer order of magnitude and increases with increasing pulse energy and shot number of times.
Also the phenomena of distortion and the increase of dislocation density were observed and the grains were refined significantly as shown in Fig. 3, this indicates that laser peening can restrain nucleation of fatigue cracks and improve the fatigue life of nodular cast iron materials.
In Fig.5 it shows that the hardness varies with the laser shot number of times, indicating that the depth of hardness increases with the increasing of laser shot times.
The experimental results show that the depth of hardened layer was about 0.31～1.40mm for a different shot number of 1-4 times.
(3) With the laser peening technique for the QT700-2 materials, the impacted surface display high residual compressive stress and high hardness, and the inside microscopic structures display the dense dislocations and refined grains.

If for example the mean grain size is between 10 to 20 µm the number of grains over the cross section is decreased significantly compared to conventional several millimetres thick sheets.
Therefore, the influence of single grains is immense caused by the reduced number of available sliding systems for cold forming operations [1, 2].
Consequently a recrystallization treatment must aim for small grains and homogeneously distributed alloying elements.
The image shows very fine, but unexpected precipitates being homogeneously distributed over the grains in the initial state.
The sample artificially aged at 400 °C for 10 h shows very evenly distributed but significantly coarsened spherical precipitates all over the grains (Figure 2c).

A typical prior austenite grain boundary structure is shown in Fig. 3b.
It was estimated that the equiaxed prior austenite grain size was 12 – 14 mm.
Esdohr: US Patent Number 6,2840,63. (2001) [3] Hemmilä, Liimatainen, Liimatainen.
Patent Number EP1375694 (A1). (2004) [4] A.J.
Porter: Effect of austenite grain structure on the strength and toughness of direct-quenched martensite, J.