Search results

The increase in the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) cells is a critical factor that negatively affects the efficiency of converting solar radiation into electrical energy.
The operating temperature of photovoltaic cells is one of the most influential factors negatively affecting the efficiency of solar panels.
Moreover, the physical properties of semiconductors change under the effect of heat, leading to a decrease in the voltage and current generated by the solar cell [19-21].
Thermophysical properties [50, 51].
Peruchi, Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments, Sustainability, 12(17) (2020) 7173

A390 alloy possessing above excellent properties mainly relies on the microstructure with many small primary silicon grains distributed uniformly.
Compared with Figure 2, the primary silicon grains in Figure 3 are obviously refined and the shape factors are modified somewhat.
These factors can make the primary silicon grains larger.
Owing to the higher silicon content in A390 alloy, a refining modification treatment generally is required when solidified, so that the equivalent diameter of the primary silicon grains can only meet the requirements of the mechanical properties.
Wu, Mechanical properties and microstructures of Al alloy tensile samples produced by serpentine channel pouring rheo-diecasting process, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21 (2011) 1473-1479

Because of the volume non-uniformity, residual stresses can significantly affect the crack front edge evolution [18].
Also the crack closure parameter is influenced by stress ratio, the presence of aggressive environment, surface treatment and other factors.
In this case the influence of all factors, except for plasticity was neglected.
The results of analysis of fatigue properties of the fillet-welded joint when the crack assumed initiated at the cavity due to incomplete penetration, altogether with the experimental findings are presented in Fig. 3.
A finite element technique for the investigation of the shape development of planar cracks with initially irregular profiles (1990) International journal of mechanical science, 32 (3), pp. 243-251

Next, the factors affecting the machining accuracy are analyzed, and the main factors - the geometric errors are analyzed and integrated.
For its special geometric properties, it is widely used in the engineering of the wing, turbine impeller, blade class parts of the fluid machine, etc. [1].
But due to the linear motion in the starting of kinematic chain, this movement will affect changing the reference point of rest motion, and is not actually consistent with the axial direction of the tool.
Table 1 Mechanism parameters and error α γ R1 R2 R1 B1 B2 L 0 0 -40~110 mm 40 mm 32 mm 4μm 4μm 3μm 3μm α γ L B2 B1 R2 1.2″ 1.2″ 250~300 mm 1μm 108 mm 1μm 0 24 mm 3μm Fig.7 shows the effects that the spindle rotary feed influences mechanism output accuracy; from fig.8 to fig.10, output accuracy of axial part is given respectively as only one factor variable changing.is changed in the range of -180° ~180°; is changed in the range of -45° ~45°; the value of and is shown in table 1.
CHINA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 22(2003), p. 1957~1961 [2] WANG Dianjun, Ye Peiqing and REN Fujun: Simulation of cutting space surfaces during five-axes WEDM.

Therefore, it is not difficult to recognize that the process parameters and steel properties, which can be analyzed and considered by the two models described above, are the main influencing factors for slab quality.
Quality loss factors are obtained according to process parameters, which are related with slab quality.
A total of 18 quality loss factors are calculated in this model, including Loss Factor of Shell Stress at Mold Exit, Loss Factor of the Straightening Area Temperature, Loss Factor of Steel Crack Sensitivity, Loss Factor of Composition of Mold Powder and so on.
Based on the calculation characteristics, the quality loss factors are divided into three groups, which are named ETA loss factor, STA loss factor and LTA loss factor respectively.
Some affect the total strand, others only affect the slab in special region.

Recently electron beam [11-13] or laser beam [14-17] have been preferentially used for remelting since such beams are much more concentrating to avoid affecting the base materials during remelting.
This is highly related with the fluid flowability inside the melt pool, which is controlled by factors of temperature gradient, surface tension of liquid/solid and liquid/vapor surfaces.
Combining the affecting parameters, a specific energy density r was used to correlate with the remelting effects.
Pereira, Laser remelting of WC-CoCr surface coated by HVOF: Effect on the tribological properties and energy efficiency, Surf Coat Technol 427 (2021)
Wu, Optimized Microstructure and Properties of Cr3C2-NiCr Cermet Coating by HVOF/Laser Hybrid Processing, J Therm Spray Technol 28 (2019) 1072-1080

Introduction In old and decrepit steel bridges, subjected to ever-increasing traffic loads, cracks and corrosion are frequently develop because of numerous aggressive environmental factors.
Mechanical properties and Chemical composition of weld metal PASS Current (A) Voltage (V) Velocity (mm/sec) 1 240 28 4.5 2 220 30 3.8 Turn over (Gausing) 3 240 26 4.7 4 220 28 3.7 Table 2.
Based on the specification of the Korean Standards(KS), samples used for chemical composition analysis were cut from the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ), respectively.
In the heat affected zone (HAZ), significant hardening did not occur.
Samples used for micro-structural analysis were cut from the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ).

For finite feature sizes, the normal stress in the thin film feature must be zero at the free edge, so that the mechanical properties of the interface govern the decay of normal stress which is transferred by shear stress across this interface.
However, because an interfacial region does not exist, the strength of the interface is determined through a combination of the elastic properties of the two constituent materials.
Results To compare the solutions, the dominant eigenvalues can be calculated for a particular set of geometric and material properties using all of the models.
The first example involves a film and substrate with equal thicknesses (t = l) and material properties (EI = EII, νI = νII = 0.3).
(6) However, for more general cases of the substrate and thin film properties, the real eigenvalue of the shear lag model possesses the following form: R' 1 β LS ∝−

Other factors, such as μ phase and σ phase, reduce creep strength and toughness.
For the mechanical properties, the Tensile Test Machine (EMT 2000-B) is used to test the mechanical strength of INCONEL 718 alloy.
Results and Discussion Nb Segregation and Mechanical Properties.
Shirai, Characteristics of heat affected zone cracking in Inconel 718 cast alloy.
Shirai, Effect of homogenization heat treatment on heat affected zone cracking suspectibility.

Several studies on the influence of the most relevant micro-EDM factors such as material removal rate, tool wear ratio and heat affected zones have been reported.
The factors influencing the machining performance also depend on the discharge energy applied for machining.The various issues such as surface roughness, heat affected zone, micro-hardness and crack formations and machining quality of the workpiece is determined by the sum of energy released in every spark [8].
EN-24 die steel is a high quality alloy steel and it is renowned for its high strength and wear resistant properties.
The properties of different electrode materials used for machining process are listed in Table 2.
It has been identified that MRR strongly depends on the properties of the materials and the higher thermal conductivity electrodes show better MRR.