Search results

CFB boiler’s wear belongs to the wear which can be caused by grain flow.
As the grain’s volume is bigger, the wear is worse.
Equation (2-2) indicates that abrasion loss is directly proportional to velocity, grain size, concentration and pressure.
The abrasion performance depends on a variety of number, shape, size , distributing and combining power.
It consists of two big circulations and a number of little circulation.

R2=1-Σⅈ=1nyi-yi2Σⅈ=1nyi-yi2 (2) RMSE=1ni=1nyi-yi2 (3) Here, n is the number of predicted data, yi, yi and yi is the experiment value, average value and predict value of hardness, respectively.
Some studies also have found that raising the bath temperature and increasing the current density can elevate the W content in the coating, leading to effects such as grain refinement [13,14].
According to the Hall-Petch rule, reducing grain size typically results in an increase in hardness because smaller grain sizes mean more grain boundaries, thereby enhancing material hardness.
To address this issue, future research will focus on increasing the dataset size and expanding the number of features to further improve the model accuracy.

The ability to produce ultra fine grained microstructures has led to interest in the severe plastic deformation processes like groove pressing.
A graph was plotted between hardness and distance and the average value was reported as the Vickers hardness number (VHN) data.
Lee, Texture control and grain refinement of AA1050 Al alloy sheets by asymmetric rolling, Int.
Venugopal, Production of ultrafine grain sizes in aluminium sheets by severe plastic deformation using the technique of groove pressing, Scripta Mater. 52 (2005) 1229-1233
Park, Constrained groove pressing and its application to grain refinement of aluminium, Mat.

The situation is rather complicated, because by observation of the shape memory effect we deal with a number of overlapping distributions, among which there are the crystallographic texture, the initial residual microstress distribution and the stress field, responsible for formation of the deformation martensite.
Method of investigation and studied samples Interaction of grains or their fragments (subgrains, blocks, cells etc.) within a sample manifests itself by changes of interplanar spacings, resulting in shifts of their X-ray lines [4].
Systematic measurements of the X-ray line peak position over the texture pole figure demonstrate changes of interplanar spacing depending on the grain orientation in consequence of residual stresses.
These profiles characterize a condition of the crystalline lattice in reflecting grains along the perpendicular to the corresponding planes {001}.
Fig. 1 shows a number of experimental X-ray lines (002), measured at successive points within the lower texture maximum in PF{001}.

At the same time, a large number of investigations are connected with the chemical and the biological leaching of the slags for extraction of some of their residual valuable components [1-4].
A large number of microorganisms were tested in the experiments for microbial leaching of non-ferrous metals from the slag.
Batch leaching of non-ferrous metals from the slag by means of moderate thermophilic bacteria at 55°C, pH 2.0 at 10% pulp density (-100µm grain size) in 9K medium for 48h.
Batch leaching of non-ferrous metals from the slag by means of extreme thermophilic archaea at 75°C, pH 2.0 and 10% pulp density (-100µm grain size) for 48 h in 9K medium.
Continuous-flow leaching by means of mesophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria with grain size -100 µm, 15% solids load at 37°c for 48 h.

Analyzing the β-Ti and α”-Ti phase peaks broadening, as shown in Fig. 1b, 1c, 2b and 2c, can be observed a high increase in all peaks broadening, which shows a sharp decrease in grain-size of both β-Ti and α”-Ti phases, due to a combination of increasing grain refinement and internal stress caused by the cold deformation [5].
This decrease in intensity can be explained by the increased number of grains resulted during cold-rolling deformation, accompanied by grain rotations during deformation.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number MNT-7-075/2013.

The technical parameters of paste slurry: the content range of coal gangue which meets the solid particle size <5mm is 35% ~ 45%; -20μm fine grain content range must over 15%; paste slurry segregation degree2cm; collapsed slump > 18cm; initial setting time 5~6h, finial setting time 6~8h; It can bear independently the part weight of overlying strata after 8h; the radio of the maximum grain size of material and the diameter of delivery pipe is less than 1:5[7,8].
Fig.1 The distribution columnar section of Fig.2 The laser particle size analysis of fly ash coal gangue particle size in power plant of Dazhuang Coal Mine Fly Ash In the test, the fly ash is adopted from the power plant of Daizhuang coal mine, laser particle size analyzer showed that fly ash has coarse grain size(see Fig.2), higher carbon-content, less spherical glass beads and more honeycomb and massive particles.
Table 1 Pronportioning design of paste Test number Influence factors Fly ash： cementing material coal gangue： cementing material mass concentration [%] p01 2.0 4.0 72.0 p02 2.0 5.0 74.0 p03 2.0 6.0 76.0 p04 2.0 7.0 78.0 p05 3.0 8.0 72.0 p06 3.0 9.0 74.0 p07 3.0 10.0 76.0 p08 3.0 4.0 78.0 p09 4.0 5.0 72.0 p10 4.0 6.0 74.0 p11 4.0 7.0 76.0 p12 4.0 8.0 78.0 p13 5.0 9.0 72.0 p14 5.0 10.0 74.0 p15 5.0 4.0 76.0 p16 5.0 5.0 78.0 p17 6.0 6.0 72.0 p18 6.0 7.0 74.0 p19 6.0 8.0 76.0 p20 6.0 9.0 78.0 p21 7.0 10.0 72.0 p22 7.0 4.0 74.0 p23 7.0 5.0 76.0 p24 7.0 6.0 78.0 p25 8.0 7.0 72.0 p26 8.0 8.0 74.0 p27 8.0 9.0 76.0 p28 8.0 10.0 78.0 Test Result Analysis Slump The measured results of the investigation index in the test are showed in Table 2.
Table 2 The test result of basic paste property Test number Slump [cm] Delamination degree[cm] Bleeding rate[%] Setting time [h] Uniaxial compressive strength[Mpa] Initial setting Final setting 8h 1d 3d 7d 28d p01 21.4 3.4 2.27 6.8 8.3 0.00 0.331 1.17 4.069 4.89 p02 19.2 2.3 2.21 8.7 10.6 0.00 0.304 1.04 3.87 4.19 p03 14 1.5 2.18 7 8.8 0.00 0.279 0.902 3.334 3.79 p04 9 1.2 2.07 7.3 9.1 0.00 0.251 0.757 2.79 3.61 p05 21.3 3.6 3.15 10.4 12.6 0.00 0.101 0.297 1.77 3.45 p06 18.7 2.7 2.55 11 13.3 0.00 0.094 0.301 1.53 3.14 p07 12 2.0 2.57 10.6 13.1 0.00 0.087 0.27 1.47 3.09 p08 13.7 0.9 1.09 6.7 8.6 0.00 0.283 0.901 3.137 3.686 p09 23.3 2.5 1.89 7.2 9.1 0.00 0.185 0.575 2.902 3.468 p10 21 1.3 1.77 9 10.8 0.00 0.227 0.678 2.1 3.3 p11 14.5 1.4 1.58 9 10.8 0.00 0.153 0.46 1.92 3.38 p12 9 1.0 1.63 9.6 11.6 0.00 0.145 0.457 1.75 3.134 p13 23 3.2 2.31 12 14.6 0.00 0.114 0.376 1.46 3.09 p14 19.8 2.2 2.27 11 13.1 0.00 0.115 0.375 1.098 2.91 p15 23.8 1.1 1.04 7.5 9.1 0.00 0.142 0.436 2.376 3.486 p16
[7] Senyur.M.G.: Fabric of coal-mine refuse as backfilling material and its relation to grain-size distribution parameters[J].

By various experimental methods, such as internal friction, viscosity, thermo-analysis and X-ray diffraction, results indicate that with the change of temperature, liquid metal or alloys undergo a number of structural transition ranging from the initial microheterogeneous state formed after melting up to the “true solution state”[6], a completely mixed liquid state.
(a) Sample A (b) Sample B Fig.3 The cooling curves of solidification process of SnZn8Bi3 alloys In the solidification procedure, the melt (sample A) has not experienced LLSC, and has a large number of big size SROs inherited from solid structure.
Fig.5 The spreading area and wetting angle of SnZn8Bi3 solder alloys on copper substrate Fig.6 The cooling curves of solidification process of SnZn8Bi3 alloy During the solder alloy molten process from grain collapse to completely melt, the melting temperature range is closely related to the size and morphology of crystal grain: the refinement crystal structure of sample B means the increase of grain boundaries and surface area, which will further increase the system free energy of crystal.
Thus, the crystal structure of sample B needs to obtain lower energy for crystal grain collapse and melt, and the solder alloy could melt at lower temperature range and with faster melt speed.

The results also showed that as the NSO ratio increased, the fibers tended to exhibit rice-grain-on-string microstructure.
The outbreak caused by these mycotoxins has motivated a number of researches to investigate the potential antimicrobial substances to minimize the problem.
Number of infected tomatoes (%) was recorded after 4 days of incubation.
As shown in Fig.1a, the microstructure, so called rice-grain-on-string was observed in the fiber containing NSO.
Incorporation of NSO in e-spun fibers did not increase the fiber diameter but caused rice-grain-on-string structure.

Study on the possibility of detecting one pebrine infected egg from 100 silkworm eggs with PCR, Take 10 groups (99 grain each group) healthy silkworm eggs, then add one “pebrine infected” egg to each group.
Marker (l/EcoRI and HindIII); 2~11: respectively point out adding a grain pebrine silkworm egg into every 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 grain silkworm eggs.
DNA of N. bombycid can be found in 8 of the 10 groups (Fig. 4). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1375bp 3750bp ← targeting band Fig. 4 The successful rate of PCR detection for having a grain pebrine silkworm egg in 100 silkworm eggs 1.
He thought the detection limit was 1000 grains, but our detection sensitivity had increased by 250 times, which may be relevant to the draw efficiency of DNA, primers, PCR system.
Due to the small number of test samples, we can not provide accurate mathematical statistics, and further detailed studies need to be carried out. .