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The separation curves of the layered roof showed the shape variation from the symmetry flat arch to the asymmetric steeple arch and then to the linear form, the maximum separation value of the layered roof exhibited a three-stage tendency of a gradual increase, a steep reduction and a slight change, and the maximum dislocation value of the layered roof presented a two-stage tendency of firstly slow growth and then rapid growth with the increase of the dip angle of coal seam.
T.K.Lu et al. [5] researched the separation development characteristics of the layered roof in the longwall face based on the field observation data.
As shown in Fig. 9, with the increase of θ, the curves of the maximum separation value exhibited a three-stage tendency of a gradual increase (the dip angle θ increasing from 0°, 15° to 30°), a steep reduction (the dip angle θ increasing from 30° to 45°) and a slight change (the dip angle θ increasing from 45° to 60°).

The simulations reveal that with the decreasing depth step, increasing tool diameter and wall inclination angle, the axial stress reduces and leads to thinning reduction and more uniform thickness distribution.
(2) load of displacement data The parameter terms “DOF” and “LCID” of keyword *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION _RIGID are modified to follow the three-dimensional motion trace of the tool.
(3)With the decreasing depth step, increasing tool diameter and wall inclination angle, the axial stress reduces and leads to thinning reduction and more uniform thickness distribution.

The main reason of the AHE sign change is the variation of contributions of different AHE mechanisms (intrinsic and side-jump) caused by the reduction of scattering intensity with temperature decrease.
The intrinsic mechanism is under strong discussion due to the lack of its experimental proofs and data of AHE mechanisms apart.
Authors considered that the AHE sign can be different in various structures because of the reduction of symmetry and change of FS topology, due to dimensional quantization.

The reduction ofresults in a decrease of the [C] content required for removing P and retaining Nb, as well as makes the process of dephosphorization more feasible.
A low temperature, high [C] content and adopting a highly basic oxidizing slag with a large phosphate capacity favor the reduction of so as to increase the control range of [C]A-[C]C and [C]B-[C]C.
From Table 3 we can see that the critical partial pressure of oxygen for Nb-O reaction decreases as the reduction of the activity of (Nb2O5).
(10) Thus, if Nb is not oxidized and P is oxidized to 0.05%, required for dephosphorization under the oxygen potential of retaining Nb can be obtained from formula (10) using data in Table 4.

The role of two strengthening mechanisms - dislocation accumulation and grain reduction - is highlighted.
The results of phenomenological modeling of the monotonic and cyclic response of ultra-fine grain metals are presented in terms of dislocation kinetics and a satisfactory agreement with experimental data is demonstrated.
It seems not possible to give a comprehensive answer to this question today because of apparent deficiency of systematic experimental data on the mechanical behavior of these materials.
However, in view of rapidly growing interest to this topic, it may be timely to make a brief survey of presently available experimental data and to overview possible implications related to the mechanisms of plastic flow and mechanical degradation of UFG SPD metals.
Reasonably good fitting of experimental stress-strain data has been obtained.

Static properties of steel C45 under tensile loading are as follows: yield limit Re = 460 MPa, tensile strength Rm = 682 MPa, resilience module E = 215000 MPa, elongation A5 = 24,3 % and reduction of area Z = 44,3 %.
ANALYSIS OF TESTS AND CONCLUSIONS Data from table 1 has been presented in fig.1 in a graphic form in order to facilitate an analysis of the results.
The above discussed data can be found in the auxiliary table in figure 2.
Data presented in table 1 and figure 2 concerning ratio λ0/λc shows a significant spread of the tests results depending on the series of parameters of a given stress program.
Omitting the steps of stress amplitude below 0,4 Sf(-1) results in significant shortening of the time necessary to perform fatigue tests as well as reduction of costs.

The emf is generated and the interface temperature can be calculated according the calibration data.
The calibration data relative to platinum is shown in Fig.3.
A computer via an A/D convert board was used for data acquisition of the temperature and cutting forces.
-30 -20 -10 0 10 0 200 400 600 800 Temperature o C emf (mv) Ti6Al4V Constantan Fig.3 The calibration data of constantan- Fig.4 The illustration of the implanted Ti6Al4V thermocouple thermocouple Results The location of hot junction relative to the cutter didn’t fix for the feed rate (Fig.1-1), so it can be seen the lead and lag phenomena between the cutting force and the emf.
Temperature increased with cutting speed and no reduction at higher speeds occurred.

Extensive data showed a correlation with cold compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity.
The width and the length of the cracks increase when water percent is decreased Solid Curve was derived from Data by Regression Analyses. 0 200 400 600 800 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fig.1:a) Ultrasonic Velocity vs.
The ultrasonic data are correlated with compressive strength data to determine the best mathematical relationship for each of the castable refractories, from which the compressive strength could thereafter be predicted, for the same product.
Rosen, Correlation Between Surface Area Reduction and Ultrasonic Velocity in Sintered Zinc Oxide Powders, Jour.
Bulle. 73 (6) (1994) 146 [8] D.J.Green ,Comment on Correlation between Surface Area Reduction and Ultrasonic Velocity in Sintered Zinc Oxide Powders, J.

Water Footprint Evaluation of Steel Production in China Mengxi Wen1, a, Xianzheng Gong1,2,b*, Yu Liu1,2,c, Xiaoqing Li1,2,d and Sijing Pan 3,e 1Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 2National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology, Beijing 100124 3Ningbo CNECO Environmental Technology Co. 
Production data of limestone[7] and dolomite[8] were obtained from the literature.
Supplementary materials like oxygen and fluorite were excluded for their minimal contribution to the overall impact and the lack of detailed data.
Data on power consumption[9], coal consumption[10], and oil consumption[11] were collected to calculate power consumption for steel enterprises.
Reduction of water footprint should be emphasized at these phases.

The samples were cleaned with alcohol, the cross section of samples was ground and polished, and the data of surface roughness were measured by OLS4100 confocal microscope.
Table 2 The data of surface roughness Sa [μm] Sq [μm] Sz [μm] GR1 17.311 22.538 634.341 GR2 10.567 13.570 554.894 TA1 15.979 21.831 625.057 TA1-1 18.213 23.470 604.929 TA1-2 17.841 22.708 525.833 The results show that the data of surface roughness are closed between GR1 and TA1, and the surface roughness of GR2 is slightly lower.
Fig. 3 Strain-stress curve in the rolling direction Fig. 4 Strain-stress curve in the transverse direction Table 3 Mechanical properties of each material Elongation [%] Reduction of area [%] tensile strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa] GR1-RD GR1-TD GR2-RD GR2-TD TA1-RD-1 TA1-TD-1 TA1-RD-2 TA1-TD-2 56.84 35.98 58 37.92 35 38.6 49.16 41.36 74 59.1 71.0 46.0 58.9 52.5 65.1 57.3 246.23 206.9 295.98 268.88 287.8 294.75 325.19 329.19 174.58 196.79 200.34 254.02 237.4 263.03 271.21 303.2 Surface Micromorphology Analysis.
Fig. 5 Micro-morphology of different titanium sheets Table 4 EDS data of partial points(atom [%]) EDS SPOT C N O Ti 1 2 3 4 0.61 6.70 4.26 9.21 1.16 4.95 5.37 2.91 0.83 3.95 3.64 12.93 97.11 83.87 86.23 74.29 Table 4 shows a plot of the energy spectrum of the surface of the materials.
The distribution of the pass reduction is unreasonable, and cracks existing in the material before cold rolling, which will cause the final crack. 3.