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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Gen Xian Liu, Dong Sheng Wang
It is suitable to medium scale data storage.
Non RAM based Round-Robin Mapping Scheme The NAND Flash memory is divided into three zones according to data update frequency, i.e., Hot Data zone, Warm Data zone and Cold Data zone [3].
However, this method will cause capacity reduction.
The MCU chip select output (NSS), data input (MISO), data output (MOSI) and clock input (SCK) connected to the Flash chip select input (CS), data input (DI), data output (DO) and clock input (CLK) respectively [8].
The PROGRAM LOAD RANDOM DATA command can be issued to update bytes of data in the page.
Non RAM based Round-Robin Mapping Scheme The NAND Flash memory is divided into three zones according to data update frequency, i.e., Hot Data zone, Warm Data zone and Cold Data zone [3].
However, this method will cause capacity reduction.
The MCU chip select output (NSS), data input (MISO), data output (MOSI) and clock input (SCK) connected to the Flash chip select input (CS), data input (DI), data output (DO) and clock input (CLK) respectively [8].
The PROGRAM LOAD RANDOM DATA command can be issued to update bytes of data in the page.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Soong Leong Sim, Ye Ru Liu, Ying Woan Soon, James Robert Jennings
Fe2O3, CoO, and Cu2O) possessing suitable band gaps for solar water splitting exist, but energy level alignment is often sub-optimal, i.e. the conduction and valence bands do not straddle the water oxidation and reduction potentials.
We find that the TiO2 band edges are shifted toward positive potentials by the addition of Li+, and that this increases the apparent electron diffusion length without affecting the charge-separation efficiency, most likely due to a change in the driving force for O2 reduction.
The deviation of the simulated curves from the data at longer wavelengths is probably caused by an overestimated TiO2 absorption coefficient, due to uncorrected light scattering during the absorbance measurements.
The open circles represent measured data and the solid lines show a fit using the transmission line model described in the main text.
We find that the TiO2 band edges are shifted toward positive potentials by the addition of Li+, and that this increases the apparent electron diffusion length without affecting the charge-separation efficiency, most likely due to a change in the driving force for O2 reduction.
The deviation of the simulated curves from the data at longer wavelengths is probably caused by an overestimated TiO2 absorption coefficient, due to uncorrected light scattering during the absorbance measurements.
The open circles represent measured data and the solid lines show a fit using the transmission line model described in the main text.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Zuo Zhi Shao, Li Hong Chen, Chao Ran Yang
Since acquisition of related data is the basis of applications as location query, feature rendering and topological analysis, data access efficiency must be improved in GIS platform with huge amounts of data[1].
Construction of caching mechanism emphasis on choosing data to be cached, caching data model, data consistency control, and data block replacement algorithm.
Feature Caching At present, matured spatial data storage model including hybrid database model, unified data model, and extend the structural model.
Spatial data cache preload related data in adjacent regions from spatial data files or spatial database according to specific strategies while CPU is idle, make the data needed in virtual screen cache be ready in the memory of server as possible.
In process of data validity control, version of cached data and latest data in database in each granularity should be compared.
Construction of caching mechanism emphasis on choosing data to be cached, caching data model, data consistency control, and data block replacement algorithm.
Feature Caching At present, matured spatial data storage model including hybrid database model, unified data model, and extend the structural model.
Spatial data cache preload related data in adjacent regions from spatial data files or spatial database according to specific strategies while CPU is idle, make the data needed in virtual screen cache be ready in the memory of server as possible.
In process of data validity control, version of cached data and latest data in database in each granularity should be compared.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Wen Lin Wang
Thus, the simulated data met well with the test data, it is confirmed that the established simulation models are validated and can be used as effective analysis tools in further powertrain optimization.
The universal characteristics map of the engine, as shown by Fig. 1(a), is obtained by fitting practical engine test data in GT-Drive.
Similar conclusion was drawn when comparing simulated data of a 2WD vehicle with its field test data.
Comparison of simulated data with field test data demonstrates that nearly 80% of the absolute relative errors are below 5%, the maximum absolute relative error of drivability items was 9.04%, while that of fuel economy items was 7.71%, which are both less than 10%.
Therefore, the simulated data met well with the test data, it is confirmed that the established simulation models in this study are accurate and can be used as effective analysis tools in further powertrain optimization.
The universal characteristics map of the engine, as shown by Fig. 1(a), is obtained by fitting practical engine test data in GT-Drive.
Similar conclusion was drawn when comparing simulated data of a 2WD vehicle with its field test data.
Comparison of simulated data with field test data demonstrates that nearly 80% of the absolute relative errors are below 5%, the maximum absolute relative error of drivability items was 9.04%, while that of fuel economy items was 7.71%, which are both less than 10%.
Therefore, the simulated data met well with the test data, it is confirmed that the established simulation models in this study are accurate and can be used as effective analysis tools in further powertrain optimization.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Song Lin Wang, Ming Dan, Si Wu, Ning Zhou, Qi Zhang
But Kitis found that iron oxide surfaces preferentially removed high UV-absorbing fractions of NOM, with UV absorbance reductions up to 90% [9].
After 60min ultrasound irradiation with the presence of NP, TOC removal efficiency was 18.55% and UV254 reduction was 21.15%.
UV absorbance is reduced at a rate (38.37%) approximately two times quicker than the reduction in TOC (20.97%).
A comparative study between US and magnetic stirring (50tours min-1) has been done at the same experimental data.
In addition, UV absorbance reductions by combined adsorption and oxidation are higher than the sum of the individual processes.
After 60min ultrasound irradiation with the presence of NP, TOC removal efficiency was 18.55% and UV254 reduction was 21.15%.
UV absorbance is reduced at a rate (38.37%) approximately two times quicker than the reduction in TOC (20.97%).
A comparative study between US and magnetic stirring (50tours min-1) has been done at the same experimental data.
In addition, UV absorbance reductions by combined adsorption and oxidation are higher than the sum of the individual processes.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Debanshu Bhattacharya
In the case of outer body panels, the major driver has been continuing the quest for fuel economy and hence, weight reduction.
In addition, reduction of gauge for weight savings has led to the use of high strength IF and IF-bake hardenable steels.
For the body-in-white parts, major drivers have been reductions of weight as well as increased emphasis on safety performance.
Similar data was also obtained for a coiling temperature of 620 oC.
There is also a reduction of the strength-ductility balance with addition of Ti.
In addition, reduction of gauge for weight savings has led to the use of high strength IF and IF-bake hardenable steels.
For the body-in-white parts, major drivers have been reductions of weight as well as increased emphasis on safety performance.
Similar data was also obtained for a coiling temperature of 620 oC.
There is also a reduction of the strength-ductility balance with addition of Ti.
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Jiří Němeček, Vladimír Hrbek, Veronika Petráňová
The water infiltration reduction is consequently proportional to the reduction of porosity.
This method was adopted to ensure reduction of pores complicating coating application for SEM.
To ensure statistical valid set of data, measurement in 4 different locations was performed using the maximum applied force 2.5 mN with loading/holding/unloading times of the indentation lasted for 5/25/5 seconds respectively.
The impact on the nano-porosity reduction is obvious from the performed microscopy.
To evaluate overall porosity reduction by image analyses, occurred cracking due to the high vacuum state during SEM investigation should be suppressed.
This method was adopted to ensure reduction of pores complicating coating application for SEM.
To ensure statistical valid set of data, measurement in 4 different locations was performed using the maximum applied force 2.5 mN with loading/holding/unloading times of the indentation lasted for 5/25/5 seconds respectively.
The impact on the nano-porosity reduction is obvious from the performed microscopy.
To evaluate overall porosity reduction by image analyses, occurred cracking due to the high vacuum state during SEM investigation should be suppressed.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Qiao Qiao Li, Hong Yan Song, Ai She Shui, Yuan Hui Li, Yong Hong Shui
In order to look for differences among cycles, the data was divided into a warm season with the average temperatures above 20℃, and a cool season with the average temperatures below 10℃.
But the temperature was an insignificant factor on COD reduction, as there is a particular ecological environment and a complicated food cycle on the plant and bio-film of the pretreatment system where the reduction of pollutant concentration was completed in the special ecological environment.
What’s more, the results of the study by Tushenghui et al show that the temperature was unrelated to the organic matter reduction and our study also show that the influent concentration may be a factor leading the higher COD removal in cold season.
It is because of the short duration of the low temperature in cold season in Chengdu area, as shown in Fig.2 where only two cycles existed when the temperature below 5℃, that further study is necessary on how the temperature influenced the COD reduction.
During this period the pretreatment system showed a significant reduction of main pollutant (TP, TN, NH3-N and COD) concentrations.
But the temperature was an insignificant factor on COD reduction, as there is a particular ecological environment and a complicated food cycle on the plant and bio-film of the pretreatment system where the reduction of pollutant concentration was completed in the special ecological environment.
What’s more, the results of the study by Tushenghui et al show that the temperature was unrelated to the organic matter reduction and our study also show that the influent concentration may be a factor leading the higher COD removal in cold season.
It is because of the short duration of the low temperature in cold season in Chengdu area, as shown in Fig.2 where only two cycles existed when the temperature below 5℃, that further study is necessary on how the temperature influenced the COD reduction.
During this period the pretreatment system showed a significant reduction of main pollutant (TP, TN, NH3-N and COD) concentrations.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Hui-Zhen Kang, Chen Ti Hu
Both ends of the tubes
were mechanically sealed, then cold rolled to a 55~60% reduction in area with a rolling mill (DBR250).
Preliminary heated specimens are then cold rolled to a 26~30% reduction in area to collapse and eliminate any remaining pores generated during the heating stage.
The TMT0 specimens subjected to cold rolling with a 14~17% reduction in area, then annealed at 1200o C for 2 hrs are called TMT1.
The specimens of TMT1 treated with another cycles of 7% reduction in cold rolling and annealed at Ni, Al, NiB α-Al2O3 particles Fe, Al, α-Al2O3 particles Mixing and sealing into 304SS sheath Cold rolling to 60% reduction of area Preliminary heating the compact powder with outer sheath at 650 o C for 30min at <10-3 Pa(TMT0) Sintering at 1200 o C for 30min at <10-3Pa Repeated cycles of cold rolling (16%, 7%) and intermediate annealing at 1200o C for 2hr at <10-3Pa (TMT1,TMT2) Fig1.
The wear test data of a stainless steel specimen (310SS) is also included for the reference purpose, as it exhibits a comparable hardness to the metal matrix.
Preliminary heated specimens are then cold rolled to a 26~30% reduction in area to collapse and eliminate any remaining pores generated during the heating stage.
The TMT0 specimens subjected to cold rolling with a 14~17% reduction in area, then annealed at 1200o C for 2 hrs are called TMT1.
The specimens of TMT1 treated with another cycles of 7% reduction in cold rolling and annealed at Ni, Al, NiB α-Al2O3 particles Fe, Al, α-Al2O3 particles Mixing and sealing into 304SS sheath Cold rolling to 60% reduction of area Preliminary heating the compact powder with outer sheath at 650 o C for 30min at <10-3 Pa(TMT0) Sintering at 1200 o C for 30min at <10-3Pa Repeated cycles of cold rolling (16%, 7%) and intermediate annealing at 1200o C for 2hr at <10-3Pa (TMT1,TMT2) Fig1.
The wear test data of a stainless steel specimen (310SS) is also included for the reference purpose, as it exhibits a comparable hardness to the metal matrix.
Online since: October 2021
Authors: Umut Bektimirova, Aidyn Tugelbayev, Islam Orynbassarov, Jong Ryeol Kim, Chang Seon Shon
(a) Expansion characteristics
(b) Reduction of sulfate attack expansion
Fig. 3.
The reduction in the expansion of mortar mixtures due to sulfate attack was calculated using Equation (1).
The effect of GGBFS on the reduction of sulfate attack expansion is resented in Fig. 3 (b).
The reduction in expansion of OPC mixture increased over time.
The mass of all mixtures has continuously grown over time, which indicates that there is no spalling yet and supports the expansion data.
The reduction in the expansion of mortar mixtures due to sulfate attack was calculated using Equation (1).
The effect of GGBFS on the reduction of sulfate attack expansion is resented in Fig. 3 (b).
The reduction in expansion of OPC mixture increased over time.
The mass of all mixtures has continuously grown over time, which indicates that there is no spalling yet and supports the expansion data.