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These results also verify that the Pt-Rh metals on catalyst surfaces, resulting in the formation of the remarkable catalytically active sites at the metal-support interface in the reduction of NH3 in this process.
However, no cytotoxicity effect risk assessment data are available for most fabricate and use metal composites.
The areas associated with the signals were electronically measured using a data integrator (CR-6A, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).
Data were collected when the SCO reaction was in a steady state, typically after 20 min at each temperature.
Results and Discussions Figure 1 plots the effect on the reduction of NH3 of the nanosized Pt-Rh composite catalyst used in the oxidation of NH3 stream, in terms of the reaction temperature and the space velocity of the influent stream.

Deposition of the CeO2 dopant onto Ni with a thin, preformed NiO layer produced a similar reduction in the subsequent NiO growth rate.
The published solubility limit is in good agreement with SNMS data.
The SNMS data indicates that the total concentration of copper is small in the region of the alloy/scale interface.
This barrier did not allow the deposited ceria to contact unoxidized nickel and the reduction of the growth rate of NiO was still observed.
Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substance, VHC Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1993

The prime focus of the approach is on cost reduction by eliminating non-value added activities.
SMED (single minute exchange of dies)—a changeover reduction technique.
Structural Equation Modelling Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a statistical technique for testing and estimating causal relationships using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions.
This model also takes measurement error into account when analyzing the data statistically.
Fig. 2 Conceptual model for lean implementation Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) model provides an integrated approach to data analysis and theory construction.

The beam size and the interval between data points in mapping were 100 and 200 µm, respectively.
We zoomed in on the edge part of the wafer under a higher spatial resolution: the beam size and the data interval were 10 and 20 µm, respectively (Fig. 5(b)).
Figure 6(a) is a microscopic mapping obtained with a 1 µm diameter excitation beam and a 2 µm data interval, while Fig. 6(b) is an etch-pit pattern of the identical area; the two patterns agree quite well.
We assume that the intensity reduction around dislocations and micropipes was attributable to a reduction in the radiative centers for the 1.3 eV band, which occurred as a result either of the interaction between vacancies and dislocations or of the gettering effect of vacancy-related defects [9].
We cannot rule out another possibility of a local increase of unknown nonradiative centers around dislocations and micropipes, which could also explain the intensity reduction of the 1.3 eV band.

Earlier, the effectiveness of laccase [3] and pyrolytic non-platinum catalysts [4, 5] in relation to the oxygen reduction reaction under model conditions at different pH was shown.
Simultaneously with exogenous respiration, microorganisms undergo endogenous respiration, which can lead to a reduction in their mass and abundance.
These results are surpassing the data obtained by the authors [11] when developing membraneless FCs with bioelectrodes.
Fig. 3: Experimental and calculated discharge characteristics of CoFe/ CNT+BM MFC The calculation data do match the experimental ones.
Conclusions The obtained data do agree with literary ones for membraneless FCs with the catalyzers of biological nature.

The materials data for the modelled Ti-based alloy comprised twelve different stress-strain curves obtained for a combination of four different strain rates (0.1 s-1, 1 s-1, 3331 s-1, 105 s-1) and three different temperature values (20°C, 600°C, 800°C) [8].
Figure 3: Modified strain-rate-sensitive material model for Ti15V3Cr3Al3Sn at 600°C [8] Figure 4: Modified strain-rate-sensitive material model for Inconel 718 at 550°C [9] The material data for Inconel 718 were obtained for three different strain rates (1 s-1, 3000 s-1, 5000 s-1) and three different temperature values (25°C, 300°C, 550°C) [9].
The data obtained at various strain-rates and temperature using the split-Hopkinson pressure bar tests is shown in Fig. 4.
A reduction of 65% in a tangential component of the cutting force was observed in Ti15V3Cr3Al3Sn and Inconel 718 with the introduction of ultrasonic vibration as shown in Fig. 8.
The force reduction is approximately the same for all three types of cutting tool geometries, for both alloys.

Under this background, we gave a satisfactory degree standard that a basis for the division of power load data.
It can be denoted by: (here, di denotes the satisfactory degree for each data).
According to the thoughts of level cut, we can divide the data set into some clear data sets by giving different satisfactory degree threshold values λ, and each clear data set can be denoted by .
At the same time, clear data set-based forecast model can be accordingly denoted by:
Here, denotes the forecast value basing on the clear data set.

The suitability of the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models to the equilibrium data was investigated.
Equations which often used to describe the experimental isotherm data are those developed by Freundlich [7] and Langmuir [8].The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms are most used to describe the adsorption characteristics of adsorbent commonly.
Freundlich isotherm .The empirical model can be applied to non-ideal sorption on heterogeneous surfaces as well as multilayer sorption,and it is expressed by the following equation: (2) n and kF are the Freundlich constants.The fit of data to Freundlich isotherm indicates the heterogeneity of the sorbent surface.
The Freundlich equation represents a better fit of experimental data than Langmuir.
According to the adsorption exchange theory [12], exchange of solute from the liquid to the solid - liquid interface will lose some degree of freedom (including translation and rotation) for the solid - liquid exchange adsorption.it is a process of entropy reduction.

Finally, the calculated results were compared with experimental data, and they agreed well with each other.
However, it is not easy to handle this due to lack of proper experimental and field data.
Finally, the estimated results were compared with the experimental data in order to validate the analytical model.
Finally, spalling of concrete was observed in the compressive region with substantial reduction in the load-carrying capacity, while the concrete in the flange slightly damaged or did not even damage at all.
The average of ultimate strength between calculating results and test data is about 1.013 and standard deviation of Ftest /Fcal is about 0.018.

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a relatively new welding technique which has already been successfully commercially applied on automotive aluminum alloys which, in turn, lead to significant energy savings and infrastructure cost-reductions.
Currently there is limited data on the mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir spot welded steel thus the current aim was to investigate how these parameters chamged as a function of some critical process variables.