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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Xiang Dong Liu, Ya Ping Zhang, Jing Zhang
It is the chemical properties and lively, can attend decomposition, bonus, substitution, reduction and oxidation reaction.
Fig.1 Effects of content of H2O2 on critical forward voltage for arc starting Fig 1 shows that with H2O2 amount to join from 1.0 g·L-1 increased to 4.0 g·L-1, positive arcs voltage fall subsequently, join in increased to 4 g·L-1, test process in the forward voltage applied to the 338 V that sample surface start arc, when the voltage up to 400 V solution set data, the surface of the sample discharge cremation small even, the reaction process smoothly, and be full of the whole sample surface.
The arc voltage reduction is appeared above the causes of phenomena.
The arc voltage reduction, means more easily breakdown, so in sample surface almost all the parts all appear to spark discharge, such discharge conditions, micro-arc oxidation process of more stable, film hole diameter is after.
Fig.1 Effects of content of H2O2 on critical forward voltage for arc starting Fig 1 shows that with H2O2 amount to join from 1.0 g·L-1 increased to 4.0 g·L-1, positive arcs voltage fall subsequently, join in increased to 4 g·L-1, test process in the forward voltage applied to the 338 V that sample surface start arc, when the voltage up to 400 V solution set data, the surface of the sample discharge cremation small even, the reaction process smoothly, and be full of the whole sample surface.
The arc voltage reduction is appeared above the causes of phenomena.
The arc voltage reduction, means more easily breakdown, so in sample surface almost all the parts all appear to spark discharge, such discharge conditions, micro-arc oxidation process of more stable, film hole diameter is after.
Online since: July 2006
Authors: Birger Karlsson, Magnus Hörnqvist
The ductility was
characterized by the area reduction at fracture, which was measured using an optical
stereomicroscope and evaluated with assumption of parabolic edges according to ASTM standards.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2: Results from monotonic tensile tests on NA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: Results from monotonic tensile tests on PA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
The data from the tensile tests are shown in fig. 2 and 3 for the NA and PA tempers, respectively.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2: Results from monotonic tensile tests on NA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: Results from monotonic tensile tests on PA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
The data from the tensile tests are shown in fig. 2 and 3 for the NA and PA tempers, respectively.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Vasiliy I. Gaman, Aleksey V. Almaev, Nadezda V. Sergeychenko, Nadezhda K. Maksimova
The presence of a two layer Pt/Pd catalyst on the tin dioxide surface promote an increase in the density of chemisorbed oxygen, the sensors are characterized by a high adsorption response to low concentrations of reduction gases (CO, H2).
The addition of gold in the bulk and on the surface of SnO2 promotes a decrease in the chemisorbed oxygen density, strongly increases the response to oxidizer nitrogen dioxide and lowers the sensitivity to reduction gases and humidity.
This effect is caused largely by the reduction of eφs.
It is important to note that the results on the effect of humidity on the properties studied the sensors of Au/SnO2:Sb, Au, passed long-term tests under the influence of hydrogen, differ significantly from those of previously published data [6] for films of the same series ii, which were used as the sensors of the oxidant NO2 and is not exposed to hydrogen.
The addition of gold in the bulk and on the surface of SnO2 promotes a decrease in the chemisorbed oxygen density, strongly increases the response to oxidizer nitrogen dioxide and lowers the sensitivity to reduction gases and humidity.
This effect is caused largely by the reduction of eφs.
It is important to note that the results on the effect of humidity on the properties studied the sensors of Au/SnO2:Sb, Au, passed long-term tests under the influence of hydrogen, differ significantly from those of previously published data [6] for films of the same series ii, which were used as the sensors of the oxidant NO2 and is not exposed to hydrogen.
Online since: October 2020
Authors: Everson do Prado Banczek, Viviane Teleginski Mazur, Sílvia do Nascimento Rosa, Yuji de Araújo Takahashi
Introduction
High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels were developed to replace carbon steels, mainly for weight reduction in constructions.
Corrosion leads to the loss of material, reduction in the section and formation of corrosion products [7].
These factors cause reduction in load carrying capacities of steel members and thereby causing subsequent failures [8].
The data of electrochemical measurements (APP and EIE) was acquired using the Gamry® PC4-300 potentiostat and processed using Echem analyst research software.
Corrosion leads to the loss of material, reduction in the section and formation of corrosion products [7].
These factors cause reduction in load carrying capacities of steel members and thereby causing subsequent failures [8].
The data of electrochemical measurements (APP and EIE) was acquired using the Gamry® PC4-300 potentiostat and processed using Echem analyst research software.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Piotr Skubisz, Maciej Rumiński, Łukasz Lisiecki
Experimental realization of the research plan involved cold drawing in a sequence of multiple passes and hardness measurements in the core of the cold-drawn rods on the polished crosscuts, obtained for consecutive reductions.
The process was conducted until completion of the total plasticity surplus, that is, to the moment the maximum total reduction of zc = 96,57 % was reached, without the need of annealing.
Unit reductions during drawing ranged from 10 to 20 %, in a following scheme: Æ 8,8 ® Æ 7,76 ® Æ 7,35 ® Æ 6,96 ® Æ 6,47 ® Æ 5,8 ® Æ 5,6 ® Æ 5,48 ® Æ 5,28 ® ®Æ 4,95 ® Æ 4,55 ® Æ 4,36 ® Æ 4,08 ® Æ 4,0 ® Æ 3,74 ® Æ 3,6 ® Æ 3,44 ® Æ 3,09 ® ®Æ 2,98 ® Æ 2,73 ® Æ 2,46 ® Æ 2,4 ® Æ 2,16 ® Æ 1,96 ® Æ 1,73 ® Æ 1,63 On the basis of measured hardness, corresponding to calculated effective strain value, hardness – strain correlation was made up.
Data collected during hardness measurements were utilized for construction of the hardness curves for both analysed materials, typically used for production of cold drawn and headed screws or bolts [7].
The process was conducted until completion of the total plasticity surplus, that is, to the moment the maximum total reduction of zc = 96,57 % was reached, without the need of annealing.
Unit reductions during drawing ranged from 10 to 20 %, in a following scheme: Æ 8,8 ® Æ 7,76 ® Æ 7,35 ® Æ 6,96 ® Æ 6,47 ® Æ 5,8 ® Æ 5,6 ® Æ 5,48 ® Æ 5,28 ® ®Æ 4,95 ® Æ 4,55 ® Æ 4,36 ® Æ 4,08 ® Æ 4,0 ® Æ 3,74 ® Æ 3,6 ® Æ 3,44 ® Æ 3,09 ® ®Æ 2,98 ® Æ 2,73 ® Æ 2,46 ® Æ 2,4 ® Æ 2,16 ® Æ 1,96 ® Æ 1,73 ® Æ 1,63 On the basis of measured hardness, corresponding to calculated effective strain value, hardness – strain correlation was made up.
Data collected during hardness measurements were utilized for construction of the hardness curves for both analysed materials, typically used for production of cold drawn and headed screws or bolts [7].
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Chang Sheng Liu, Qing Hua He, Jun Gong, Yu Ming Zhao
Therefore research on energy-saving and emission reduction technology, to reduce fuel consumption and improve the energy utilization rate of excavator has become a hot topic at home and abroad [1-2].
The outlet pressure and flow data of variable pumps can collected from the working process of hydraulic excavator.
The simulation results show that the energy consumption of the conventional hydraulic system and the hybrid one are 1134kJ and 867kJ, that means about 23.6% of the reduction of the energy consumption is obtained.
References [1] Tian Zhicheng, Analysis of energy-saving and emission-reduction in construction and machinery industry, Construction machinery technology & management, 2010, 23(10):58-61
The outlet pressure and flow data of variable pumps can collected from the working process of hydraulic excavator.
The simulation results show that the energy consumption of the conventional hydraulic system and the hybrid one are 1134kJ and 867kJ, that means about 23.6% of the reduction of the energy consumption is obtained.
References [1] Tian Zhicheng, Analysis of energy-saving and emission-reduction in construction and machinery industry, Construction machinery technology & management, 2010, 23(10):58-61
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Fredy Alberto Huamán-Mamani, Cris Katherin Palomino-Ñaupa, V.C. Bringas-Rodríguez
The data found reveal mean particle size values of 79 microns for fine sand particles and mean particle size values of 13 and 56 microns for informal tailings (bimodal distribution).
The results found revealed a systematic reduction of maximum resistances to average uniaxial compression varied from 14.3 to 10.3 MPa with increasing binder : fine sand ratio from 1:2 to 1:5.
Microns · In the evaluation of the microstructure of the mortars (control and geopolymeric), all presented two well differentiated phases, on the one hand, a continuous and interconnected phase that corresponded to the binder phase and on the other, a discontinuous phase of polyhedral particles, corresponding to fine sand · The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction in the values of maximum resistance to average uniaxial compression, with the increase in the volume of fine sand added to the geopolymeric mixtures.
However, at temperatures from 200 to 500 °C, a reduction in maximum resistance was evidenced.
The results found revealed a systematic reduction of maximum resistances to average uniaxial compression varied from 14.3 to 10.3 MPa with increasing binder : fine sand ratio from 1:2 to 1:5.
Microns · In the evaluation of the microstructure of the mortars (control and geopolymeric), all presented two well differentiated phases, on the one hand, a continuous and interconnected phase that corresponded to the binder phase and on the other, a discontinuous phase of polyhedral particles, corresponding to fine sand · The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction in the values of maximum resistance to average uniaxial compression, with the increase in the volume of fine sand added to the geopolymeric mixtures.
However, at temperatures from 200 to 500 °C, a reduction in maximum resistance was evidenced.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: E.R. Glaser, Jaime A. Freitas, N.Y. Garces, Mark A. Fanton, Serguei I. Maximenko
Limited data are reported on annealing behavior of the D1 center at higher temperatures.
It should be mentioned that observed annihilation of the D1 center after annealing at 2200 o C with the cool-down rate 2 o C/min correlates with significant reduction of Z1/Z2 defects as was reported recently [10].
Further increase of the anneal temperature results in a reduction of the L1 intensity due to migration of Si atoms from SiC at high temperatures.
The decrease of the D1 intensity for 2, 8 and 25 o C/min cool-down rates show some correlation with the reduction of the VC, VSi, VC-VSi and VC-CSi EPR signals.
It should be mentioned that observed annihilation of the D1 center after annealing at 2200 o C with the cool-down rate 2 o C/min correlates with significant reduction of Z1/Z2 defects as was reported recently [10].
Further increase of the anneal temperature results in a reduction of the L1 intensity due to migration of Si atoms from SiC at high temperatures.
The decrease of the D1 intensity for 2, 8 and 25 o C/min cool-down rates show some correlation with the reduction of the VC, VSi, VC-VSi and VC-CSi EPR signals.
Online since: November 2021
Authors: S. Triaa, Fadhéla Otmane, Farid Kara, Samir Bellal, Amira Djenet Guerfi
Using a linear fits of the data, the powder’s average crystalline size was estimated from the Y-intercept and the accumulated strains were obtained from the slopes of the straight lines.
The reduction of the grain size is compensated by the increase of the microdeformations (dislocations /two-dimensional defects) fraction.
This behaviour is linked to the reduction of the crystallites size in the Cu phase after milling and the increase of the microdeformations fraction observed in Fig. 5.
The XRD analysis permits to follow the grain size reduction and the lattice microdeformations fraction increase according to milling progression.
The reduction of the grain size is compensated by the increase of the microdeformations (dislocations /two-dimensional defects) fraction.
This behaviour is linked to the reduction of the crystallites size in the Cu phase after milling and the increase of the microdeformations fraction observed in Fig. 5.
The XRD analysis permits to follow the grain size reduction and the lattice microdeformations fraction increase according to milling progression.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Shan Dong Li, Jian Hua Lin, Yi Hu, Jian Peng Wu, Xin Le Cai, Mei Mei Liu, Jie Qiu
As illustrated, for x=0.0, the experimental data show both the (111) and (200) peaks for CMS as expected for the defect-free structure, indicating the presence of L21 structure in these samples [17].
The observed large low field magnetoresistance can be explained as follows: the addition of insulating AFM NiO increases the spin disorder at the grain boundaries of CMS, which can be demonstrated by the reduction of MS with the increase of NiO content x (Fig. 2 (a-c)).
When a magnetic field is applied, the disordered spins are aligned, resulting in a reduction of MR.
It is revealed that there exist FM/AFM exchange coupling between the Co2MnSi and NiO interfaces, and the NiO nanopaticles give rise to an enhancement of surface magnetic disorder and reduction of MS.
The observed large low field magnetoresistance can be explained as follows: the addition of insulating AFM NiO increases the spin disorder at the grain boundaries of CMS, which can be demonstrated by the reduction of MS with the increase of NiO content x (Fig. 2 (a-c)).
When a magnetic field is applied, the disordered spins are aligned, resulting in a reduction of MR.
It is revealed that there exist FM/AFM exchange coupling between the Co2MnSi and NiO interfaces, and the NiO nanopaticles give rise to an enhancement of surface magnetic disorder and reduction of MS.