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However, melting in such an atmosphere will bring some surface impurities, like sulfur and oxygen, into the stainless steel through the refractories or the materials themselves.
Besides, it is often accompanied by contamination of some surface active impurities, such as oxygen and sulfur from charge materials or refractories.
Grujicic, Materials Science and Engineering A, Volume 207, Issue 2, 30 March 1996, Pages 188-194 [5] Z.Z.
Wang, Materials Characterization, Volume 56, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 79-83 [6] T.
Gupta, ISIJ International, 33 (1993) 567-576 [17] Yuzhen Zhao, Heping Zhou and Yaowu Shi, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 14 (2006) 331–349

With the microelectronic technology node moves down to 45 nm and beyond, and to reduce the RC delay time, low-k dielectric materials have been used to replace regular dielectric materials.
During CMP process, low k materials are mechanically fragile.
Raghavan, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 914, pp. 231–236, 2006
Hong et al., Journal of Materials Research, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 3413–3424, 2005
Oliver: Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Semiconductor Materials, Springer, New York, 2004

R.) were used as starting materials and BaF2 (A.
The formation mechanism, improved photoluminescence and LED applications of red phosphor K2SiF6:Mn4+, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2014, 2: 3879-3884
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2011, 129: 955-960
ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2015, 4:R23-R26
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 101: 163-169

International Journal of Fatigue, 2000;22:217-228
International Journal of Fatigue 1999;21:55-76
Mechanics of Materials, 2005,37:801-814 [11] He G.Q., Chen C.
Journal of Northeastern University (natural Science),2002,23(2):175-177 (In Chinese) [13] Yamamoto Takaei, Sakane Masao, Ohnami Masateru etc, in: Multiaxial low cycle fatigue of five kinds of solders.
Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, 1997, 46(12): 1381-1388 [14] Yang Xianjie, Luo Yan, Gao Qing, in: Constitutive Modeling on time-dependent deformation behavior of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder alloy under cyclic multiaxial straining, ASME: Journal of Electronic Packaging , 2007, 129: 41-47

The school now has 6 degree programs which are: Biological Science, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical technology, Food science, Zoological medicine, and Park and garden.
The school now has 3 degree programs which are: Biological Science, Biotechnology, and Ecology.
For developing course material, sharing educational content, communication between teachers and outside using internet and applications, ZPD gap (1.98) of CRHEIs and ZPD gap (1.76) of CNHEIs are obtained. 3.
A teacher must develop course material and sharing educational content using internet and applications.
Shaikh, “Usage, acceptance, adoption, and diffusion of information & communication technologies in higher education: a measurement of critical factors,” Journal of Information Technology Impact vol. 9(2), July 2009, pp. 63-80

Geosynthetic materials is widely used in geotechnical engineering, so as to improve the structure 's strength and stability of [29,30].
A large number of engineering practices show that geosynthetics can effectively save engineering materials, reduce engineering costs, protect the environment, and achieve better economic and environmental benefits.
Materials and Methods The dry density of the soil samples are 1.57g/cm3, the moisture content of the samples are 20.2%.
Al-Saady, Numerical Modeling of Square Footing Subjected to Eccentric Loading on Geogrid Reinforced Loose Sand, Key Engineering Materials. 857(2020) 341- 348
[30] Stefano Invernizzi,Numerical Simulation of Geogrid Reinforced Adobe Walls, Key Engineering Materials. 817 (2019)73-79

Journal of Jiamusi University(Natural Science Edition), 2005, 23(2): 314-317 [3] Ren Huitao,Liu Lixia,Wang Jue.
Journal of Building Materials,2010,13（6）:796-801 [4] Sun Fengge.
Journal of Building Materials,1999,2（4）:292-297 [10] Li Jinyu,Peng Xiaoping, Deng Zhenggang,etc.
Construction and Building Materials.1996,10(5):309-314 [14] N.
Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science), 2007,23（4）:597-601 [20] Chen Zhaoyuan.

Qi, Thermal and Thermo-Mechanical Modelling of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy 6061-T6, Journal of Materials Processing & Manufacturing Science 7 (1998) 215-233
Cheeseman, Modeling of AA5083 Material-Microstructure Evolution During Butt Friction-Stir Welding, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 19(5) (2010) 672-684
Elmustafa, Experimental and numerical investigation of the plunge stage in friction stir welding, Journal of materials processing technology 203 (2007) 411-419
Chao, Numerical Analysis of Joint Temperature Evolution During Friction Stir Welding Based on Sticking Contact, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 21(9) (2012) 1849-1856
Bendzsak, Energy Utilization and Generation during Friction Stir Spot Welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining (2006) 163-169.

Layer of different material can be combined to further enhance the overall performance of the laminated composite material different materials are combined.
Harimi, Mechanical properties of Epoxy / Coconut shell filler particle composites, The Arabian journal for science and engineering , (2003) 173-179
Hassan, Potential of using Coconut Shell particle fillers in Eco-Composite materials, Journal of Alloys and Compounds , (2011) 2381-2385
Lim, Effect of treated and untreated filler loading on mechanical and water absorption property of water hyacinth fibers, Journal of Physical Science, (2009) 85–96
Peter Michael, Mechanical property Evaluation of natural fiber coir composite, Materials characterization, (2009) 45-49

The secondary raw materials of metals include such products and materials that can be reused after its initial operation in various industries.
In addition, recycling is economically advantageous, especially concerning the disposal of scrap superhard materials and alloys with their subsequent recovery and, accordingly, significant savings in strategic raw materials [8].
After all, the process of metal remelting is less harmful to the atmosphere than its production from primary raw materials.
Gurenko, Modeling dynamic parameters of hard alloys during shock wave regeneration, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 969(1) (2020) 012079
Yudenkov, Time relaxation of point defects in p- and n-(HgCd)Te after ion milling, Journal of Electronic Materials. 32(7) (2003) 698-702