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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Stefano Damiano Barbati, Marco Pasetto
Another statistical result that has to be taken into account is the distribution of data: it should be not Gaussian, the gap between mean value and both the 15- and 85-percentiles not being balanced.
As a consequence of the variation in results, taking into account a strength filtering of the dataset (statistical and layout filtering is time consuming for the purposes of this study), it was decided to perform a summary of the data.
As the stress time increases there is an increase of the data dispersion.
On average, the reduction of the optical performances over the time is non-linear and presents a peculiarity at around 12 months.
In the majority of cases there is a reduction in the value of the performance, nevertheless this reduction is not monotonic.
As a consequence of the variation in results, taking into account a strength filtering of the dataset (statistical and layout filtering is time consuming for the purposes of this study), it was decided to perform a summary of the data.
As the stress time increases there is an increase of the data dispersion.
On average, the reduction of the optical performances over the time is non-linear and presents a peculiarity at around 12 months.
In the majority of cases there is a reduction in the value of the performance, nevertheless this reduction is not monotonic.
Online since: March 2023
Authors: Mohd Arif Sulaiman, K.M. Jeevithan, Rokiah Othman, Youventharan Duraisamy
The gradation and permeability data were compared to provide an overview of the discussion on ballast functionality.
This was done using the data of 100% CD and 100% BA.
Using the data obtained on the amount of fines and mean size, the corresponding ranges of Cu and Cc were determined using graph extrapolation.
In previously published data, granite has the lowest water absorption rate due to its lower porosity, which limits the amount of water that can permeate.
Finding the best use for BA in this study is thought to be extremely important given the data that has been collected and the expensive reduction techniques that are currently practiced in the industry.
This was done using the data of 100% CD and 100% BA.
Using the data obtained on the amount of fines and mean size, the corresponding ranges of Cu and Cc were determined using graph extrapolation.
In previously published data, granite has the lowest water absorption rate due to its lower porosity, which limits the amount of water that can permeate.
Finding the best use for BA in this study is thought to be extremely important given the data that has been collected and the expensive reduction techniques that are currently practiced in the industry.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Zhong Yuan Yang
Rockfall Motion Trace of Road Slope Based on
Damping and Rebounding Osculation Method
Zhongyuan YANG
Zhejiang Institute of Communications, Jinjiadu, Moganshan Road, hangzhou, 311112 china
yangzy@zjvtit.edu.cn
Key words: Geotechnical engineering; Rockfall; Damping and Rebounding Osculation Method; Motion trace; Disaster prevention and reduction.
The movement of the perilous rockfall trace and impact energy were calculated[1][2][3] based on data obtained and theory of mechanics and kinematics principle.
The movement of the perilous rockfall trace and impact energy were calculated[1][2][3] based on data obtained and theory of mechanics and kinematics principle.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Qing Hao, Ling Di Zhao
Therefore, our paper uses the data of the oil consumption and employment of twenty provinces and cities.
All data are from Statistical Yearbook of every province and city.
This method is based on the fact that the future data can’t lead to the changes of present data and past data.
The data are from 2000 to 2010.
All data are transformed into logarithms, thus eliminating heteroscedasticity and making the model more practical.
All data are from Statistical Yearbook of every province and city.
This method is based on the fact that the future data can’t lead to the changes of present data and past data.
The data are from 2000 to 2010.
All data are transformed into logarithms, thus eliminating heteroscedasticity and making the model more practical.
Online since: April 2024
Authors: Mochammad Purwanto, M Anuari Ramdani, Wildan Wahyu Firdhaus, Rachmad Ramadhan Yogaswara
Based on all the data generated from this study, tofu liquid waste has the potential as the main ingredient in the MFC process to produce bioelectricity.
Poor contact between oxygen gas and the electrodes at the cathode so that the oxygen reduction reaction that occurs on the surface of the carbon electrode runs slowly [7].
The use of these two solutions can improve cathode performance because the reduction kinetics run faster.
After obtaining data on electric voltage and current strength, power density values can then be obtained as shown in Figure 5.
All the data generated shows that tofu liquid waste has the potential to produce bio-electricity with a dual chamber-microbial fuel cell system.
Poor contact between oxygen gas and the electrodes at the cathode so that the oxygen reduction reaction that occurs on the surface of the carbon electrode runs slowly [7].
The use of these two solutions can improve cathode performance because the reduction kinetics run faster.
After obtaining data on electric voltage and current strength, power density values can then be obtained as shown in Figure 5.
All the data generated shows that tofu liquid waste has the potential to produce bio-electricity with a dual chamber-microbial fuel cell system.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Gen Xian Liu, Dong Sheng Wang
It is suitable to medium scale data storage.
Non RAM based Round-Robin Mapping Scheme The NAND Flash memory is divided into three zones according to data update frequency, i.e., Hot Data zone, Warm Data zone and Cold Data zone [3].
However, this method will cause capacity reduction.
The MCU chip select output (NSS), data input (MISO), data output (MOSI) and clock input (SCK) connected to the Flash chip select input (CS), data input (DI), data output (DO) and clock input (CLK) respectively [8].
The PROGRAM LOAD RANDOM DATA command can be issued to update bytes of data in the page.
Non RAM based Round-Robin Mapping Scheme The NAND Flash memory is divided into three zones according to data update frequency, i.e., Hot Data zone, Warm Data zone and Cold Data zone [3].
However, this method will cause capacity reduction.
The MCU chip select output (NSS), data input (MISO), data output (MOSI) and clock input (SCK) connected to the Flash chip select input (CS), data input (DI), data output (DO) and clock input (CLK) respectively [8].
The PROGRAM LOAD RANDOM DATA command can be issued to update bytes of data in the page.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Nor Hanimah Hamidi, Puteri Nor Shahira Haslinda Abdul Rahman, Mohd Asad Mohammad, Nurul Farhah Nadhirah Mohd Ruslan, Norida Ridzuan, Norasyikin Ismail
A slight pH reduction with temperature-affected rheology, with an optimal pH range (8.0–10.5), is required for effective WBM performance.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were expressed as the mean ± SD.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Ling Ling Zhu, Hua Ge
In this article, the typical phenomenon of bed armoring was firstly summarized based on both the field and experiment data, and then followed by the analysis on its internal influence on the reformation process to the balance status for the gravel-sand rivers.
In this article, the typical phenomenon of bed armoring was firstly summarized based on both the field and experiment data, and then followed by the analysis on its internal mechanism and effect in the reformation process to the balance. 2 Phenomenon of bed armoring The phenomenon of the bed armoring in gravel-sand rivers is generally caused by the chosen of the flow, whose consequence is that the finer sediment particles will be washed away and the coarser ones will be gathered on the river bed surface.
By judging the field and experiment data, as shown in fig.º2, it can be seen that the starting velocity will be proportional to the particle diameter when it grows to some extent.
It can be seen that the growth of the diameter will produce a bigger resistance, thus followed by a reduction of the flow velocity.
Another empirical formula of the average section flow velocity derived based on plenty of field and experiment data by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute can be written as[6]: (2) In Eq.º2, D50 is the median particle diameter of the particles above the river bed surface, whose weight percentage of the particles, smaller than this diameter, is 50% and k is the empirical parameter.
In this article, the typical phenomenon of bed armoring was firstly summarized based on both the field and experiment data, and then followed by the analysis on its internal mechanism and effect in the reformation process to the balance. 2 Phenomenon of bed armoring The phenomenon of the bed armoring in gravel-sand rivers is generally caused by the chosen of the flow, whose consequence is that the finer sediment particles will be washed away and the coarser ones will be gathered on the river bed surface.
By judging the field and experiment data, as shown in fig.º2, it can be seen that the starting velocity will be proportional to the particle diameter when it grows to some extent.
It can be seen that the growth of the diameter will produce a bigger resistance, thus followed by a reduction of the flow velocity.
Another empirical formula of the average section flow velocity derived based on plenty of field and experiment data by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute can be written as[6]: (2) In Eq.º2, D50 is the median particle diameter of the particles above the river bed surface, whose weight percentage of the particles, smaller than this diameter, is 50% and k is the empirical parameter.
Online since: July 2008
Authors: In Seok Yoon
The
results are compared with experimental data and previous research works.
Fig. 3 provides the comparison of chloride diffusivity of this analytical formulation and experimental data of Van Dalen [9].
The analytical formulation as proposed in this paper shows good agreement with experimental data approximately.
In this figure, it is clear that the densification of the microstructure of concrete due to ongoing hydration of cement should lead to a significant reduction of the chloride diffusivity of concrete.
It is clear that carbonation can influence on diffusivity of concrete greatly. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 10 100 1000 Time (days) Chloride diffusivity w/c 0.45 w/c 0.50 w/c 0.55 [1E-8 cm 2 /s] Fig. 2 Chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 50 100 150 200 Time (days) Chloride diffusivity Exerimental data This study w/c 0.50, OPC [1E-8 cm 2/s] Fig. 3 Comparison of calculated and measured D (in concrete) 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.45 0.50 0.55 w/c ratio Dc / Dnc 5 months Fig. 4 Dc / Dnc with w/c ratio Summary The chloride diffusivity is of particular important material parameter for calculating the service life of marine concrete.
Fig. 3 provides the comparison of chloride diffusivity of this analytical formulation and experimental data of Van Dalen [9].
The analytical formulation as proposed in this paper shows good agreement with experimental data approximately.
In this figure, it is clear that the densification of the microstructure of concrete due to ongoing hydration of cement should lead to a significant reduction of the chloride diffusivity of concrete.
It is clear that carbonation can influence on diffusivity of concrete greatly. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 10 100 1000 Time (days) Chloride diffusivity w/c 0.45 w/c 0.50 w/c 0.55 [1E-8 cm 2 /s] Fig. 2 Chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 50 100 150 200 Time (days) Chloride diffusivity Exerimental data This study w/c 0.50, OPC [1E-8 cm 2/s] Fig. 3 Comparison of calculated and measured D (in concrete) 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.45 0.50 0.55 w/c ratio Dc / Dnc 5 months Fig. 4 Dc / Dnc with w/c ratio Summary The chloride diffusivity is of particular important material parameter for calculating the service life of marine concrete.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Wen Lin Wang
Thus, the simulated data met well with the test data, it is confirmed that the established simulation models are validated and can be used as effective analysis tools in further powertrain optimization.
The universal characteristics map of the engine, as shown by Fig. 1(a), is obtained by fitting practical engine test data in GT-Drive.
Similar conclusion was drawn when comparing simulated data of a 2WD vehicle with its field test data.
Comparison of simulated data with field test data demonstrates that nearly 80% of the absolute relative errors are below 5%, the maximum absolute relative error of drivability items was 9.04%, while that of fuel economy items was 7.71%, which are both less than 10%.
Therefore, the simulated data met well with the test data, it is confirmed that the established simulation models in this study are accurate and can be used as effective analysis tools in further powertrain optimization.
The universal characteristics map of the engine, as shown by Fig. 1(a), is obtained by fitting practical engine test data in GT-Drive.
Similar conclusion was drawn when comparing simulated data of a 2WD vehicle with its field test data.
Comparison of simulated data with field test data demonstrates that nearly 80% of the absolute relative errors are below 5%, the maximum absolute relative error of drivability items was 9.04%, while that of fuel economy items was 7.71%, which are both less than 10%.
Therefore, the simulated data met well with the test data, it is confirmed that the established simulation models in this study are accurate and can be used as effective analysis tools in further powertrain optimization.