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The first stage rolling was started at 1050°C, then at 1000°C with the rolling reduction ratio 30%, 40% and strain rate 0.5(1/s) in the recrystallized region of austenite.
The second stage rolling was started at 930°C, and finished at temperature 860, 810 and 760°C with the same rolling reduction ratio 20% and strain rate 2(1/s) in the non-recrystallized region of austenite.
Fig.1 shows the inter-pass reduction distribution for the thermal-mechanical simulation test.
Keough :Experimental Design and Data Analyses for Biologists,2002

MSR mechanism can be seen in the various systems, especially in the metal oxide reduction with reactive metal [10].
Magnesium was used as a strong metallic reduction agent.
International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) powder diffraction files were utilised in the identification of crystalline phases. 3.
Fig.1 (a), also shows that reduction reaction of Eq.1 is possible at room temperature and increasing temperatures decrease the probability of this reaction.

Data were collected with a step size of 0.02o with step duration of 0.5 s for normal scans and 5 s for slow scans.
Fig. 2c) represents barium titanate with partial Ti ion reduction.
It is noted that the oxygen deficiency or Ti ion reduction (from 4+ to 3+) in barium titanate is characterized by little splitting of the t2g and eg peaks of Ti L2,3 edge and a low intensity of the O K edge.
It is believed that a strongly reducing local environment induced by local CO/CO2 reactions with Ni as catalyst is the cause of BaO/Ba reduction [8].

The microhardness data were plotted against distance across the fusion zone for the as-welded and each PWHTed condition (Fig.6).
In contrast, all PWHTed samples exhibited a reduction in FZ microhardness.
With increasing PWHT temperature, the gradual reduction of FZ hardness could be explained by the coarsening of microstructures and, besides, hardness of HAZ was highest for PWHT at 820o C and this is yet unexplained by SEM microstructures.
Microstructure of HAZ between BM and FZ showed gradual reduction of α2 and O and no new α2 precipitated in HAZ. 2.

The degradation of interfacial adhesion between the substrate and the fiber in composite materials due to moisture absorption has the potential to result in a reduction in mechanical performance [4,5].
According to the data, SF managed to achieve its highest roughness value (56.77 µm) by applying a solution of 1.5% NaClO.
This was caused by a combination of factors, including a reduction in the quantity of hemicellulose and lignin groups found in the fiber, as well as the stretching of C=O found in hemicellulose, as well as C-O groups, C-H groups found in aromatic rings, and stretching of C-O found in lignin.The application of NaOH followed by NaClO in the treatments demonstrated considerable effectiveness in removing lignin, hemicellulose, and impurities.
The removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and other impurities during the process of delignification resulted in a reduction of the fiber's surface morphology[12,13].

Corn stalk chips were subjected to pretreatment using bisulfite with or without sulfuric acid prior to size reduction.
The biomass collected from size reduction was dewatered using a Buchner funnel to obtain the substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis.
Each data point was averaged from two replicates.
But reduction of acid charge to 0% in pretreatment did not produce additional improvement in enzymatic digestibility of substrate although lignin removal was more, at which cellulose conversion was only about 75%.

Diagram of test device scaling [author's own work] The results of the measurements of current, moment and force changes, and the calculations of the values of unit pressures and the angles of deviation of unit friction force for different reductions are given in Table 3 and shown on diagrams (Figs. 7, 8 and 9).
Reduction, z [%] Current change, Dl1 [A] Moment, M [Nm] Force, Fw [N] Unit pressure value pmax x 103 [N/mm2] Angle of unit friction force deviation cosb x 10-5 [-] 1. 6,3 0,01 0,392 65,43 1,737 1,105 2. 13,88 0,02 0,785 129,79 2,123 1,140 3. 21,15 0,04 1,570 270,56 2,576 1,192 4. 29,44 0,06 2,354 448,42 3,117 1,294 5. 30,78 0,06 2,354 452,73 3,628 1,416 Fig. 5. 
During the envelope rolling process, a gradual increase occurs in longitudinal force and rolling moment, whose maximum values are reached at the location characterized by the largest reduction.
The above measurement data were used in the further part of the study when determining the remaining parameters of the tapered tube rolling process.

The LT programme [10] was used to analyse the spectra, a sum of four or five exponential components convoluted with the instrumental resolution curve were fitted to experimental data.
This reduction is larger than at 293 K, down to 1,6 ns, and remains at low value until p=34 MPa (and p=12 MPa at 298 K) when the o-Ps lifetime increases again.
The local reduction of the o-Ps lifetime and intensity in the core between 6 and 34 MPa is especially interesting because it exists also at 298 K (although in a narrower pressure range), and therefore one can conclude that it occurs only when at the beginning of measurements the core is in liquid phase.
The application of Ar pressure results in reduction of lifetime in the shell material identical as in the case of mechanical pressure.

Such finishing-induced damage can cause stress concentration and reduction of mechanical strength in ceramic prostheses [3, 4].
The bur speed during finishing could be obtained using a dynamometer and a data acquisition apparatus.
In view of the observations in Figure 3 that the maximum tensile stress decreased with the depth of cut, this means the subsurface damage depths increased with the reduction in maximum tensile stress.
The subsurface damage depths increased with depth of cut in spite of the reduction in the maximum tensile stress.

The data used in this analysis are similar to those of [3].
The damping effect on stress reduction is more pronounce at higher taxiing speed. 2.2.3 Effects of damping and taxiing speed Damping ratio is a parameter that strongly affects the magnitude of the dynamic solution.
(3) The reduction in the dynamic responses due to damping is more drastic at higher moving speed.
Reduction in stresses in the pavement vs. damping ratio: (a) σx, σy, (b) σyz and σxz