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Functionally graded materials (FGM’s) are a new kind of composite materials which have a smooth variation of material properties along one or more directions.
Duwez, "Gradients in composite materials", Materials Science and Engineering (1972) 1–8
"The concept of FGM, Functionally gradient materials".
Mortensen, "Fundamentals of Functionally Graded Materials".
Rabin et al., "Functionally Graded Materials Design".

Alexandrov, Progress in Materials Science. 45 (2000) 103-189
Park, Materials Science and Engineering A. 328 (2002) 98-103
Kim, Computational Materials Science. 43 (2008) 641-645
Qian, Journal Materials Processing Technology. 211 (2011) 590-596
Kazeminezhad, Computational Materials Science. 48 (2010) 166-173

Materials and Procedures 2.1.
Emergent Materials, 2021. 4(5): p. 1455-1463
Kong, Nanofiber-based materials for persistent organic pollutants in water remediation by adsorption.
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2021. 16(3): p. 122-129
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019. 16(1): p. 357-372

Zajcev Effective Fine-Grained Concrete with High-Dispersed Additive Based on the Natural Mineral Wollastonite, FarEastСon - Materials and Construction: Materials International Scientific Conference «FarEastCon». 945 (2018) 85-90
Bondarenko, Effective Highly Dispersed Additive for Concretes on the Basis of Natural Mineral Raw Materials, FarEastСon - Materials and Construction: Materials International Scientific Conference «FarEastCon». 992 (2019) 168-172
Efremochkin, Nano-additives for composite building materials and their environmental SAFETY,International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 11 (2016) 7561-7565
Minko, Determination of the thermal conductivity of wood insulation materials in conditions of non-stationary heat transferInternational, Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 22 (2014) 15791
Liseitsev et al, Development of fiber concretes with cement-free binders, Modern science-intensive technologies. 1 (2019) 124-130

Experiment Materials 160mm-long of 16 bunches from APMOC fiber offered by Xi’an Aerospace Composite Materials Institute, from which single fibers are taken at random, the effective test length is 50mm.
Journal of Materials Engineering 2011, No.7. p. 85-89 [4] XING Zhe, XIA Zhi-yan, WANG Chuan.
Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology (Nrtural science Edition), Oct. 2007, Vol.5. p. 67-79
Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology(Nutural Science Edition), Vol.24, No.4 Dec. 2009. p.35-38
JOURNAL OF DONGHUA UNIVERSITY(NUTURAL SCIENCE) Vol.35, No.3, Jun. 2009. p.329-331

Silicone composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93 (2004) 2095-2104
Bokobza, The reinforcement of elastomeric networks by fillers, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 289 (2004) 607-621
Bose, Carbon nanotube based composites - A review, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 4 (2005) 31-46
Kolodziej, On the use of carbon nanotubes as reinforcing fillers for elastomeric materials, Polymer International, 55 (2006) 1090-1098
The effect of strain, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 41 (2003) 2079-2089

The extraction of ilmenite minerals using the sulfate route is one of the commercial methods for producing titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials.
The sulfate or chloride routes can be utilized to produce TiO2 materials from raw mineral resources [6].
Experimental Detail Materials.
The sulfuric acid method is chosen because it can use raw materials with low grade and cheap and can produce TiO2 compounds with an anatase phase. [6].
Wang, “Increased dissolution of ilmenite induced by high-energy ball milling,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 271, no. 1–2, pp. 485–490, Nov. 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00441-4

It is found that a large number of cavities are existed in post-SPF materials.
Materials Processing Technology, Vol.72(1992), p.183-187
Materials Science and Technology, Vol.21 (2005), p. 1209-1216
Duncan, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 12 (1970) 463
Johnson, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 12 (1970) 479

First of all, FSP may change material properties over the thickness and material behavior is the same as functionally graded materials [5-7].
A lot of researchers work on analyzing crack through the functionally graded materials analytically or semi-analytically [8-9].
In the case of the second tool, volume of the materials which undergoes severe plastic deformation increases drastically.
Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 539-543 [5] S.
Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 1-14, 2017

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites- a review, Journal of Material Science, Vol. 26, pp.1137-1156
The enhancement of wettability of SiC particles in cast aluminium matrix composites, Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 119, pp. 329–335
The large scale commercialization of aluminum-matrix composites, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Vol. 46, pp. 49–53
Doty, "The effects of michmetal, cooling rate and heat treatment on the eutectic Si particle characteristics of A319.1, A356.2 and A413.1 Al-Si casting alloys,Materials Science & Engineering A, vol. 480, pp. 342-355, 2008
Cement Replacement Materials (p. 336). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36721-2 [22] Singla, D., & Mediratta, S.